A havi számla drága.

A is the Hungarian definite article, equivalent to English the.

So:

• a havi számla = the monthly bill

Hungarian has two forms of the:

• a before most consonant sounds
• az before vowel sounds

Here havi begins with a consonant sound, so a is used.

Havi means monthly or per month, depending on context.

In this sentence:

• a havi számla = the monthly bill

It is an adjective formed from the word for month with the suffix -i, which often turns a noun into an adjective meaning related to something.

So havi is not a separate noun like month here; it is already an adjective meaning monthly.

In Hungarian, when an adjective directly modifies a noun, it normally comes before the noun.

So:

• havi számla = monthly bill
• drága számla = expensive bill

That is the normal attributive order: adjective + noun.

Számla usually means bill or invoice.

Depending on context, it can also mean account in some situations, but in this sentence bill/invoice is the natural meaning.

So:

• a havi számla = the monthly bill
• a számla drága = the bill is expensive

It is left out in Hungarian.

In the third person singular in the present tense, the verb van (is) is usually omitted.

So English:

• The monthly bill is expensive.

Hungarian:

• A havi számla drága.

Literally, it looks like:

• The monthly bill expensive.

This is completely normal in Hungarian.

Because here drága is not directly modifying the noun inside the noun phrase. It is the predicate of the sentence.

Compare:

• a drága számla = the expensive bill
  
  • here drága is an adjective directly describing számla
• a számla drága = the bill is expensive
  
  • here drága is what is being said about the bill

So in A havi számla drága, the structure is:

• A havi számla = subject
• drága = predicate adjective

The sentence A havi számla drága is a normal, neutral way to say it, but Hungarian word order is fairly flexible and can change the emphasis.

For example:

• A havi számla drága. = neutral: The monthly bill is expensive.
• Drága a havi számla. = puts more focus on expensive

Both are grammatical, but the emphasis changes.

Not always. Drága can mean:

• expensive
• dear / beloved in other contexts

In this sentence, because it refers to a bill, the meaning is clearly expensive.

So here:

• drága = expensive

No. All the words are in their basic dictionary form here.

• a = definite article
• havi = adjective
• számla = noun in the nominative/basic form
• drága = adjective in predicate position

There are no special case endings because the sentence is simply stating something about the subject.

You add nem before the predicate.

So:

• A havi számla drága. = The monthly bill is expensive.
• A havi számla nem drága. = The monthly bill is not expensive.

This is the standard way to negate this kind of sentence.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

• A havi számla drága.
  ≈ aw HAW-vee SAAM-laa DRAA-gaa

A few helpful notes:

• sz is pronounced like English s
• á is a long vowel, somewhat like a in father
• stress in Hungarian usually falls on the first syllable of each word:
  • HA-vi
  • SZÁM-la
  • DRÁ-ga

No, that would not sound natural for this meaning.

If you want to say the monthly bill is expensive, the normal form is:

• A havi számla drága.

Why?

• havi belongs with számla as part of the noun phrase: havi számla = monthly bill
• drága is the predicate: is expensive

So Hungarian keeps those roles clear in the sentence.