A sürgősségi eljárás gyors.

In Hungarian, the verb to be is usually left out in the present tense, third person.

So:

• A sürgősségi eljárás gyors. = The emergency procedure is fast.

Hungarian does not normally say A sürgősségi eljárás gyors van or anything similar.

But the verb appears in other persons:

• Gyors vagyok = I am fast
• Gyors vagy = you are fast
• Gyorsak = they are fast (here the plural adjective is used, and the copula is still often omitted in 3rd person present)

So this missing is is completely normal.

A is the Hungarian definite article, meaning the.

So:

• a = the before a consonant sound
• az = the before a vowel sound

Here, sürgősségi starts with a consonant sound, so Hungarian uses a:

• A sürgősségi eljárás

If the next word began with a vowel, you would usually use az instead.

This is the most neutral English-like word order:

• A sürgősségi eljárás = the subject
• gyors = the predicate adjective

So the structure is basically:

• The emergency procedure fast.
• understood as The emergency procedure is fast.

Hungarian word order is flexible, but this version is the most straightforward neutral statement.

If you move words around, the emphasis can change. For example, putting gyors first could emphasize fast.

Because sürgősségi is an adjective modifying the noun eljárás.

In Hungarian, adjectives usually come before the noun, just like in English:

• sürgősségi eljárás = emergency procedure
• gyors autó = fast car

So inside the noun phrase:

• sürgősségi describes eljárás

Then the whole phrase A sürgősségi eljárás becomes the subject of the sentence.

The -i ending often turns a noun into an adjective meaning related to, concerning, or of something.

Here:

• sürgősség = urgency, emergency
• sürgősségi = urgent, emergency-related

So sürgősségi eljárás means something like:

• emergency procedure
• literally, procedure related to emergency/urgency

This -i adjective pattern is very common in Hungarian.

Good question. There are two different jobs adjectives can do.

1. Attributive adjective: directly describes a noun inside a noun phrase

   • gyors eljárás = a fast procedure

2. Predicate adjective: says something about the subject in a full sentence

   • Az eljárás gyors. = The procedure is fast.

In your sentence, gyors is not part of the noun phrase sürgősségi eljárás. It is the main description being said about that noun phrase.

So:

• a gyors sürgősségi eljárás = the fast emergency procedure
• a sürgősségi eljárás gyors = the emergency procedure is fast

Not here.

Hungarian adjectives do not agree with nouns the way adjectives do in some other languages. That means they do not change for gender, and Hungarian has no grammatical gender anyway.

So:

• gyors eljárás = fast procedure
• gyors ház = fast house (grammatically speaking)
• gyors autók = fast cars

However, in some predicate plural sentences, the adjective may take a plural ending:

• Az eljárások gyorsak. = The procedures are fast.

So in your singular sentence, gyors stays just gyors.

Because it has no plural ending.

The Hungarian plural ending is usually -k. Since the word is:

• eljárás = procedure

and not:

• eljárások = procedures

it is singular.

So the sentence is talking about one emergency procedure, or one procedure as a general definite item.

It is in the nominative case, which is the basic dictionary form and the normal case for the subject of a sentence.

In this sentence:

• A sürgősségi eljárás is the subject
• gyors says something about that subject

There is no extra case ending here because the noun is simply the subject.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

• sür-gős-shay-ghee

A few important sound notes:

• s in Hungarian sounds like English sh
• sz sounds like English s
• gy is a soft sound, somewhat like the dy in during for many English speakers
• ő is a long rounded vowel, which English does not really have
• é sounds somewhat like the vowel in say, but cleaner and without a glide

So the middle of sürgősségi contains Hungarian s, which sounds like sh, not English s.

Roughly:

• dyorsh

Important parts:

• gy is a soft consonant, not a hard g
• o is short
• rs at the end includes Hungarian s, which sounds like sh

So the final sound is more like sh than s.

Almost, but not perfectly.

A very literal breakdown is:

• A = the
• sürgősségi = emergency / urgent
• eljárás = procedure
• gyors = fast

So literally:

• The emergency procedure fast.

But natural English needs is:

• The emergency procedure is fast.

This is a common difference between Hungarian and English.

The plural version would be:

• A sürgősségi eljárások gyorsak.

Breakdown:

• eljárások = procedures
• gyorsak = fast in plural predicate form

So:

• A sürgősségi eljárások gyorsak. = The emergency procedures are fast.

This is useful because it shows both the noun plural ending -k and the adjective plural form -ak in predicate position.