Nagyítom a portrét.

Because Hungarian uses two main verb conjugations: indefinite and definite.

Here the object is a portrét (the portrait), which is a definite object, so the verb takes the definite conjugation:

• nagyítok = I enlarge something / I am enlarging something (indefinite, no specific object)
• nagyítom = I enlarge it / the specific thing (definite)

So Nagyítom a portrét uses -om because the speaker is talking about a specific portrait.

The ending -om shows:

• 1st person singular = I
• present tense
• definite conjugation

So nagyítom means something like I enlarge it / I am enlarging it, where the it is a definite object.

This is why Hungarian often does in one word what English expresses with both a subject and a verb form.

A is the Hungarian definite article, meaning the.

• a portré = the portrait

Hungarian has two forms of the definite article:

• a before consonant sounds
• az before vowel sounds

Since portré begins with p, a consonant, the correct form is a.

Because portrét is the direct object form.

Hungarian usually marks a direct object with -t:

• portré = portrait
• portrét = portrait + object marker = the portrait as the thing being acted on

In this sentence, the portrait is what is being enlarged, so it needs the object ending -t.

Yes. Hungarian often marks the direct object directly on the noun.

Compare:

• A portré szép. = The portrait is beautiful.
  Here portré is the subject, so no -t.

• Látom a portrét. = I see the portrait.
  Here portrét is the object, so it gets -t.

So in Nagyítom a portrét, the -t tells you that the portrait is receiving the action.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Hungarian present tense often covers both:

• I enlarge the portrait
• I am enlarging the portrait

Context tells you whether it is:

• a general/habitual action
• an action happening right now

If you specifically want to stress that it is happening right now, Hungarian can use words like éppen:

• Éppen nagyítom a portrét. = I’m enlarging the portrait right now.

Because Hungarian usually leaves out subject pronouns when the verb ending already makes the subject clear.

• nagyítom already tells you the subject is I

So:

• Nagyítom a portrét. = natural
• Én nagyítom a portrét. = I am enlarging the portrait

Including én adds emphasis, contrast, or clarification.

The dictionary form is nagyít.

That is the 3rd person singular form used as the citation form for many Hungarian verbs.

From nagyít, you get forms like:

• nagyítok = I enlarge (indefinite)
• nagyítom = I enlarge it / the specific thing (definite)
• nagyítja = he/she enlarges it

The verb nagyít is related to nagy, meaning big, so the verb has the idea of making bigger or enlarging.

Yes, both are possible, but the emphasis changes.

• Nagyítom a portrét. = neutral word order; this is a straightforward statement.
• A portrét nagyítom. = puts more focus on the portrait, as if contrasting it with something else.

For example:

• A tájképet nem, a portrét nagyítom.
  Not the landscape; I’m enlarging the portrait.

Hungarian word order is flexible, and it often reflects focus and emphasis, not just basic grammar.

No, it is a loanword, ultimately from the same international source as English portrait.

In Hungarian it is spelled portré and pronounced in a Hungarian way. Even though it is a borrowed word, it behaves like a normal Hungarian noun, so it can take endings like:

• portré
• portrét
• portrén
• portréval

This is very common in Hungarian: borrowed words still take regular Hungarian suffixes.

A rough guide is:

NA-dyee-tom aw POR-trayt

A few helpful points:

• gy is a single Hungarian consonant sound, softer than English d
• á is a long vowel
• é is also a long vowel
• stress in Hungarian is always on the first syllable of each word:
  • NA-gyítom
  • A
  • POR-trét

So the main word stresses are very regular compared with English.