Elültetjük a bazsalikomot az ültetőládába.

A useful breakdown is:

• elültetjük = we plant it / we will plant it
  • el- = a verbal prefix
  • ültet = plant
  • -jük = we ... with a definite object
• a bazsalikomot = the basil
  • a = the
  • bazsalikomot = basil
    • accusative ending
• az ültetőládába = into the planter box
  • az = the
  • ültetőládába = into the planter box

So grammatically, the sentence is basically:

[Verb] + [direct object] + [destination]

The prefix el- often gives the verb a sense of completion or carrying out the action fully.

So:

• ültetjük can mean we are planting it
• elültetjük suggests we plant it / get it planted / plant it completely

In many contexts, elültetjük sounds more natural for a complete action like putting a plant into its place.

With planting verbs, English often does not translate el- separately, but it still affects the feel of the verb.

Because Hungarian is using the definite conjugation here.

The direct object is a bazsalikomot = the basil, which is a definite object.
When the object is definite, Hungarian often uses a special set of verb endings.

So:

• ültetünk = we plant / we are planting (indefinite or no definite object)
• ültetjük = we plant it / we are planting the ... (definite object)

That is why the sentence has:

• a bazsalikomot → definite object
• therefore elültetjük → definite verb ending

It is built into the verb ending -jük.

Hungarian usually does not need a separate subject pronoun if the verb already shows who is doing the action.

So:

• elültetjük already means we plant it / we will plant it

You could add mi = we, but only for emphasis or contrast:

• Mi elültetjük a bazsalikomot. = We will plant the basil.

Most of the time, the pronoun is omitted.

Because it is the direct object of the sentence, so it takes the accusative ending.

The basic accusative marker is -t, but Hungarian often inserts a linking vowel before it.

So:

• bazsalikom = basil
• bazsalikomot = basil as the object

In this sentence, the basil is the thing being planted, so it must be in the accusative.

Compare:

• Bazsalikom nő itt. = Basil grows here.
• Elültetjük a bazsalikomot. = We plant the basil.

Because -ba / -be means into, while -ban / -ben means in.

Here the sentence describes movement into the planter box, so Hungarian uses the illative ending:

• -ba / -be = into
• -ban / -ben = in

So:

• az ültetőládába = into the planter box
• az ültetőládában = in the planter box

Since planting involves putting something into the container, -ba is the correct choice.

This is the Hungarian definite article, which has two forms:

• a before a consonant
• az before a vowel

So:

• bazsalikomot starts with b → a bazsalikomot
• ültetőládába starts with ü → az ültetőládába

It works similarly to English a/an, except Hungarian is choosing between forms of the, not a.

This is a very common Hungarian spelling change.

When some nouns ending in -a or -e take a suffix, that final vowel often lengthens:

• a → á
• e → é

So:

• láda → ládába
• mese → mesében

Since ültetőláda ends in láda, the same thing happens:

• ültetőláda → ültetőládába

This is normal and very common in Hungarian.

Yes. It is a compound noun.

It is built from:

• ültető = something related to planting
• láda = box / crate

So ültetőláda is literally something like planting box, which in natural English would be planter box, window box, or planter depending on context.

Hungarian forms a lot of nouns this way, by combining smaller words into a single compound.

Yes. Hungarian word order is much more flexible than English word order.

The sentence as given,

Elültetjük a bazsalikomot az ültetőládába.

is a natural neutral statement.

A few important points:

• In a neutral sentence, the verbal prefix often stays right before the verb:
  elültetjük
• If you strongly focus another part of the sentence, the prefix may move away from the verb.

For example:

• A bazsalikomot ültetjük el az ültetőládába.
  = It is the basil that we are planting into the planter box.

So yes, the order can change, but the nuance changes too.

Formally, it is present tense, but Hungarian often uses the present tense for a future meaning when the context makes that clear.

So elültetjük can mean things like:

• we plant it
• we are planting it
• we will plant it

The exact English translation depends on context.

In practical use, a sentence like this often sounds future-like or plan-like in English, especially if someone is talking about what they are about to do.