A szálloda modern.

A is the Hungarian definite article, so here it means the.

Hungarian has two forms of the definite article:

• a before consonant sounds
• az before vowel sounds

So:

• a szálloda = the hotel
• az étterem = the restaurant

In this sentence, szálloda begins with sz, so the article is a.

This is one of the most important Hungarian patterns to learn.

In the present tense, third person singular and third person plural, the verb to be is usually omitted when the predicate is a noun, adjective, or similar description.

So Hungarian says:

• A szálloda modern. = The hotel is modern.

There is no visible is, but it is understood.

Compare:

• A szálloda nagy. = The hotel is big.
• A szálloda új. = The hotel is new.

But van appears in other situations, especially with location or existence:

• A szálloda itt van. = The hotel is here.

Great question. In Hungarian, adjectives come before the noun when they directly describe it inside a noun phrase:

• a modern szálloda = the modern hotel

But in your sentence, modern is not part of the noun phrase. It is the predicate: it tells us something about the hotel.

So:

• a modern szálloda = the modern hotel
• A szálloda modern. = The hotel is modern.

This is the same distinction as in English between:

• the modern hotel
• the hotel is modern

In this sentence, modern does not change.

Hungarian adjectives do not agree with nouns in gender, because Hungarian has no grammatical gender. So there is no masculine/feminine/neuter distinction to worry about.

With a singular subject like this one, the predicate adjective stays in its basic form:

• A szálloda modern.

With plural subjects, predicate adjectives often do take plural marking:

• A szállodák modernek. = The hotels are modern.

So for this sentence, the simple form modern is exactly what you want.

Yes. Szálloda is the normal standard word for hotel.

It is a useful everyday vocabulary word. You may also see it in compounds or names, but on its own it simply means hotel.

Example:

• Ez a szálloda drága. = This hotel is expensive.

A rough pronunciation guide:

• sz is pronounced like English s in sun
• á is a long vowel, roughly like aah
• ll is a long l sound
• stress is on the first syllable

So szálloda sounds approximately like:

SAA-lo-da

A bit more carefully: SZÁL-lo-da, with the first syllable stressed.

Also remember:

• Hungarian sz = English s
• Hungarian s = English sh

That spelling difference is very important in Hungarian.

Normally, no.

In a standard sentence like this, a singular countable noun used as the subject usually needs an article or some other determiner.

So the normal sentence is:

• A szálloda modern.

Without a, it sounds unnatural or incomplete in ordinary standard Hungarian.

Yes, you can also say Modern a szálloda, but the meaning and emphasis shift a little.

• A szálloda modern. = neutral statement, plain description
• Modern a szálloda. = stronger focus on modern

Hungarian word order is often connected to information structure and emphasis, not just grammar.

So if you are simply giving a neutral description, A szálloda modern. is the safest choice.

You add nem before the adjective:

• A szálloda nem modern. = The hotel is not modern.

Notice that there is still no visible word for is. The same rule applies here.

No. Hungarian does not have grammatical gender.

That means nouns are not masculine, feminine, or neuter, and adjectives do not change for gender either.

So you do not have to learn patterns like:

• masculine modern
• feminine moderna
• neuter modernum

There is nothing like that in Hungarian. That makes sentences like A szálloda modern. much simpler.

It is a borrowed international word, and it looks very similar to the English word modern.

Hungarian uses many words of this type, especially in formal, cultural, or international vocabulary. So modern is easy for English speakers to recognize.

Even when a Hungarian word looks familiar, though, make sure to learn its pronunciation and how it behaves in Hungarian grammar.