A kávéfőző új.

In Hungarian, the verb to be is usually left out in the present tense, third person.

So:

• A kávéfőző új. = The coffee maker is new.

But in other persons, Hungarian does use the verb:

• Én új vagyok. = I am new.
• Te új vagy. = You are new.

So the missing is here is completely normal.

A is the definite article, so it means the.

• a kávéfőző = the coffee maker

Hungarian has two forms of the:

• a before a consonant
• az before a vowel

So:

• a kávéfőző = the coffee maker
• az autó = the car

Because kávéfőző starts with k, Hungarian uses a.

Kávéfőző is a compound word:

• kávé = coffee
• főző = maker / cooker / brewer

So kávéfőző literally means something like coffee-maker or coffee-brewer.

This kind of compounding is very common in Hungarian.

Here új is not directly modifying the noun inside a noun phrase; it is the predicate adjective in the sentence.

So:

• A kávéfőző új. = The coffee maker is new.

But if you want new coffee maker as a noun phrase, then the adjective goes before the noun:

• az új kávéfőző = the new coffee maker

So the difference is:

• A kávéfőző új. = The coffee maker is new.
• Az új kávéfőző = the new coffee maker.

Yes. Új a kávéfőző is also possible, but it changes the emphasis.

• A kávéfőző új. = neutral statement: The coffee maker is new.
• Új a kávéfőző. = emphasis on new, something like The coffee maker is new / It’s the coffee maker that’s new.

Hungarian word order is often used to show focus or emphasis, not just grammar.

A rough pronunciation guide:

• a ≈ short o as in British-style hot
• kávé ≈ kaa-vay
• főző has sounds English does not have exactly:
  • ő is a long rounded front vowel
  • zs sounds like the s in measure
• új ≈ something like oo-y

A rough full approximation:

• A kávéfőző új. ≈ aw kaa-vay-fuh-zhuh oo-y

That is only approximate, but it helps as a starting point.

In Hungarian, accent marks are very important. They are not optional.

They usually show a different vowel sound, and often also vowel length.

For example:

• a and á are different vowels
• o, ó, ö, ő are all distinct
• u, ú, ü, ű are also distinct

In this sentence:

• á in kávé
• ő in főző
• ú in új

These must be written correctly, because changing them can change pronunciation and sometimes meaning.

Not in this sentence. Hungarian adjectives do not agree with nouns in gender, because Hungarian has no grammatical gender.

So there is no difference like English new for masculine/feminine, and nothing like many Indo-European languages have.

In singular:

• A kávéfőző új.

In plural, the adjective often takes a plural ending when it is predicate:

• A kávéfőzők újak. = The coffee makers are new.

So there is no gender agreement, but plural can be marked.

Because the next word starts with a consonant.

Hungarian uses:

• a before consonants
• az before vowels

So:

• a kávéfőző
• az ablak

This is similar to how English uses a and an, but Hungarian does it with the definite article instead.

Usually no, not as a normal neutral sentence.

• egy kávéfőző means a coffee maker
• A kávéfőző új. means The coffee maker is new.

If you say Egy kávéfőző új, it sounds incomplete or unnatural in most ordinary contexts. Hungarian would usually need a fuller structure depending on what exactly you mean.

For a simple statement about a specific coffee maker, A kávéfőző új is the natural sentence.

It is neutral and completely normal in both speech and writing.

• A kávéfőző új. = a plain, everyday statement

There is nothing especially formal, literary, or slang-like about it. It is a very standard example of basic Hungarian sentence structure.