A fogköz széles.

A is the Hungarian definite article, so it usually means the.

In Hungarian, the definite article has two forms:

• a before most consonant sounds
• az before vowel sounds

So:

• a fogköz = the tooth gap
• az alma = the apple

In Hungarian, in the present tense, third person, the verb to be is usually left out.

So instead of saying something like A fogköz van széles, Hungarian simply says:

• A fogköz széles.

This is completely normal and literally works like:

• The tooth gap wide.

But in natural English, of course, you translate it as The gap between the teeth is wide.

Compare:

• Én magas vagyok. = I am tall.
• Te magas vagy. = You are tall.
• Ő magas. = He/She is tall.

Notice that in ő magas, there is no separate word for is.

Fogköz is a compound noun:

• fog = tooth
• köz = space between, gap, interval

So fogköz means the space between teeth, often translated as tooth gap or gap between the teeth.

Hungarian often forms new words by combining smaller words like this.

It is singular.

So A fogköz széles. refers to one gap.

If you wanted the plural, you would use:

• A fogközök szélesek. = The tooth gaps are wide.

Notice that in the plural:

• fogköz → fogközök
• széles → szélesek

In this sentence, széles is not directly describing the noun inside a noun phrase like a wide gap. Instead, it is the predicate adjective, meaning it tells you what the subject is like.

So the structure is:

• A fogköz = subject
• széles = predicate adjective

This is like saying:

• The gap is wide.

If Hungarian puts an adjective before a noun, it directly modifies it:

• a széles fogköz = the wide tooth gap

But in your sentence:

• A fogköz széles. = The tooth gap is wide.

Not in the singular here.

Hungarian adjectives do not change for gender, because Hungarian has no grammatical gender like he/she, masculine/feminine, etc. That makes things simpler than in many European languages.

In the singular predicate use:

• A fogköz széles.

In the plural predicate use, the adjective often takes a plural ending too:

• A fogközök szélesek.

So there is some number marking in predicate position, but no gender agreement.

A rough pronunciation guide:

• fogköz ≈ fog-kuhz
• széles ≈ say-lesh

A few important sound notes:

• sz is pronounced like English s in see
• plain s is pronounced like English sh
• é is a long ay-like sound
• ö is a rounded vowel that English does not really have; it is somewhat like the vowel in German schön or French peu

So:

• széles starts with s, not z
• fogköz has köz with that rounded ö sound

This is one of the first spelling patterns English speakers have to learn in Hungarian:

• sz = English s
• s = English sh
• zs = sound like the s in measure

So:

• széles begins with a normal s sound
• if it were written séles, it would begin with a sh sound

Hungarian spelling is actually very regular once you learn these letter combinations.

Yes. Hungarian word order is fairly flexible, and changing it often changes the focus or emphasis.

The neutral sentence is:

• A fogköz széles.

But you could also say:

• Széles a fogköz.

This still means roughly The tooth gap is wide, but it puts more emphasis on wide, as if that is the important new information.

So both are possible, but they are not always identical in tone.

It is in the nominative form, which is the basic dictionary form of the noun.

There is no visible case ending here because fogköz is the subject of the sentence.

Hungarian uses many case endings, but in this sentence you are just seeing the basic subject form:

• fogköz = subject, no extra ending

Because fogköz starts with a consonant sound: f.

Hungarian uses:

• a before consonants
• az before vowels

So:

• a fogköz
• az ember
• az alma

This is similar to English a/an, but Hungarian definite articles mean the, not a/an.

Normally, no. Because of the definite article a, the sentence is definite: the tooth gap.

If you wanted an indefinite meaning like A tooth gap is wide or A gap between the teeth is wide, you would usually say:

• Egy fogköz széles.

Here:

• egy = a/an or one

So:

• A fogköz széles. = The tooth gap is wide.
• Egy fogköz széles. = A tooth gap is wide.

You can add an adverb before the adjective:

• A fogköz nagyon széles.

Here:

• nagyon = very

So the pattern is:

• A fogköz széles. = The gap is wide.
• A fogköz nagyon széles. = The gap is very wide.

This is a useful pattern for many simple descriptive sentences.