A probléma konkrét.

A is the definite article, so it means the.

• a / az = the
• egy = a / an

So:

• A probléma = the problem
• Egy probléma = a problem

Hungarian uses a before most consonant sounds, and az before vowel sounds. Since probléma starts with p, you use a:

• a probléma
• but az autó = the car

In Hungarian, the verb to be is often left out in the third person singular and plural present tense when it links a subject to a noun, adjective, or similar complement.

So:

• A probléma konkrét. = The problem is specific/concrete.

There is no separate word for is here, but the meaning is still complete and natural.

Compare:

• Én fáradt vagyok. = I am tired.
• Te fáradt vagy. = You are tired.
• Ő fáradt. = He/she is tired.

Notice that in the third person, Hungarian usually drops van in this kind of sentence.

But the verb does appear in other tenses:

• A probléma konkrét volt. = The problem was specific.
• A probléma konkrét lesz. = The problem will be specific.

Konkrét is an adjective. Here it describes a probléma.

So the structure is:

• A probléma = subject
• konkrét = predicate adjective

In English, you say The problem is specific/concrete.
In Hungarian, you simply say A probléma konkrét in the present tense.

You can also use konkrét before a noun:

• konkrét probléma = a specific problem
• egy konkrét kérdés = a specific question

Sometimes yes, but in many everyday contexts konkrét is better translated as specific.

So depending on context:

• A probléma konkrét. can mean
  
  • The problem is specific.
  • The problem is concrete.

For learners, specific is often the more natural English equivalent in many sentences.

Hungarian konkrét is also used quite a lot in the sense of:

• clear
• definite
• precise
• particular

So the exact English choice depends on context.

In Hungarian, accents are part of the spelling and show vowel length.

• a and á are different vowels
• e and é are different
• and so on

So probléma is not just problema with decoration—the long á is a real sound difference.

In general:

• short vowels and long vowels can change meaning
• you should learn the accented form as part of the word itself

A rough English-friendly guide:

• A = a short aw or uh
• probléma ≈ pro-BLAY-maw
• konkrét ≈ kon-KRAYT

A few useful points:

• Hungarian stress is usually on the first syllable of each word:
  • PRO-blé-ma
  • KON-krét
• é is a long vowel, somewhat like ay in say, but steadier
• á is a long open vowel, not exactly like English a, but somewhat similar to a in father

A simple approximation: aw PRO-blay-maw KON-krayt

This is the most neutral, straightforward word order:

• A probléma = the topic / subject
• konkrét = what is being said about it

So it means: As for the problem, it is specific/concrete.

Hungarian word order is more flexible than English, but changes in order often change the emphasis.

For example, fronting konkrét could add emphasis in the right context, but A probléma konkrét is the normal neutral version.

Yes, but it means something slightly different:

• A probléma konkrét. = The problem is specific.
• Ez a probléma konkrét. = This problem is specific.

So ez adds this and makes the noun phrase more specific.

No. Hungarian does not have grammatical gender like many Indo-European languages do.

So probléma is not masculine, feminine, or neuter.
Also, ő can mean he or she, depending on context.

That means you do not need to learn noun genders with Hungarian nouns.

It would be:

• A problémák konkrétak. = The problems are specific/concrete.

Changes:

• probléma → problémák = plural noun
• konkrét → konkrétak = plural predicate adjective

Hungarian often marks plurality on both the noun and the predicate adjective in this kind of sentence.

You use van and its forms in many situations, but not usually in simple third-person present sentences like this one.

So:

• A probléma konkrét. = correct
• A probléma konkrét van. = not correct in standard Hungarian

But van appears:

1. in other persons

   • A probléma számomra konkrét? not the best example
   • Én fáradt vagyok.

2. in other tenses

   • A probléma konkrét volt.

3. in existential/location meanings

   • A könyv az asztalon van. = The book is on the table.
   • Van egy probléma. = There is a problem.

So the omission mainly applies to the simple X is Y type in third person present.

It is a loanword, ultimately related to problem in many European languages. That is why it looks familiar to English speakers.

Even though it is recognizable, you still need to learn:

• its Hungarian spelling: probléma
• its pronunciation
• how it behaves in Hungarian grammar:
  • a probléma
  • egy probléma
  • a problémák
  • problémát (accusative)

So it is familiar, but still fully part of Hungarian grammar.