A terhelés jogosulatlan.

Here a means the, not English a.

Hungarian has two forms of the definite article:

• a before most consonants
• az before vowels

So:

• a terhelés = the charge / the load / the debit
• az összeg = the amount

Hungarian a/az is always definite, so it corresponds to English the.

In Hungarian, the verb to be is often left out in the present tense, third person when you are saying that something is something or is some quality.

So:

• A terhelés jogosulatlan. = The charge is unauthorized.

There is no need to say van here.

Compare:

• A terhelés jogosulatlan. = The charge is unauthorized.
• A terhelés nem jogosulatlan. = The charge is not unauthorized.

But in other persons, Hungarian does use the verb:

• Én fáradt vagyok. = I am tired.
• Te fáradt vagy. = You are tired.

So the missing is is completely normal here.

Jogosulatlan is an adjective. It means something like:

• unauthorized
• illegitimate
• not permitted
• not justified

In this sentence it is a predicate adjective, meaning it describes the subject:

• A terhelés = the charge
• jogosulatlan = unauthorized

So the structure is basically:

• [subject] + [adjective]
• The charge + unauthorized
• meaning The charge is unauthorized

Hungarian adjectives usually do not change for gender or number the way they do in many Indo-European languages.

So Hungarian does not do things like:

• masculine/feminine adjective agreement
• singular/plural adjective agreement in this kind of sentence

That means:

• A terhelés jogosulatlan. = The charge is unauthorized.
• A terhelések jogosulatlanok. = The charges are unauthorized.

Notice that in the plural predicate, jogosulatlan becomes jogosulatlanok because it is functioning as the predicate with a plural subject. But there is still no gender agreement, because Hungarian has no grammatical gender.

Both patterns exist, but they mean different things.

When an adjective directly modifies a noun, it usually comes before it:

• a jogosulatlan terhelés = the unauthorized charge

But in your sentence, jogosulatlan is not directly attached to the noun inside one noun phrase. Instead, it is the predicate:

• A terhelés jogosulatlan. = The charge is unauthorized.

So:

• a jogosulatlan terhelés = the unauthorized charge
• a terhelés jogosulatlan = the charge is unauthorized

That is a very important difference.

Terhelés is a noun.

It is related to the verb terhel, which can mean things like:

• to burden
• to load
• to charge
• to debit

The ending -és is a very common Hungarian noun-forming suffix. It often creates an action/result noun, similar to English nouns like loading, charging, or burdening.

So terhelés can mean, depending on context:

• charge
• debit
• load
• burden

In a banking or legal context, it often refers to a charge/debit.

It sounds fairly formal and would be very natural in contexts like:

• banking
• customer service
• finance
• law
• official notices

That is mainly because of the words:

• terhelés
• jogosulatlan

Both are somewhat formal or technical in many contexts.

In ordinary conversation, people might choose other wording depending on what exactly they mean.

Yes. Jogosulatlan a terhelés is also grammatical.

Hungarian word order is flexible, and changing the order often changes the focus or emphasis.

• A terhelés jogosulatlan. = neutral statement: The charge is unauthorized.
• Jogosulatlan a terhelés. = stronger focus on unauthorized; something like The charge is unauthorized / It’s the charge that is unauthorized.

So the original version is more neutral, while the reversed version highlights the adjective more.

A rough pronunciation guide:

• A = short aw / uh
• terhelés ≈ TEHR-heh-laaysh
• jogosulatlan ≈ YO-go-shoo-lot-lon

A few useful points:

• Stress in Hungarian is almost always on the first syllable of each word.
• s is pronounced like English sh.
• j is pronounced like English y.
• é is a long vowel, roughly like ay in say, but cleaner and tenser.

So the stress pattern is:

• A TER-he-lés YO-go-su-lat-lan

Hungarian can express negation in more than one way.

• jogos = legitimate / authorized / justified
• jogosulatlan = unauthorized / illegitimate

The ending -tlan/-telen is a common way to form a negative adjective, similar to English -less or un- in some cases.

So:

• jogos = authorized / justified
• jogosulatlan = unauthorized

You could sometimes express a similar idea with nem jogos:

• A terhelés nem jogos. = The charge is not justified / not legitimate.

But jogosulatlan is a single established adjective, and in official or legal language it is often the more natural choice.