A szűrő tiszta.

A is the Hungarian definite article, equivalent to the.

Hungarian has two forms of the definite article:

• a before a consonant sound
• az before a vowel sound

So:

• a szűrő = the filter
• az ablak = the window

Because szűrő begins with the consonant sound sz, the correct form is a.

In Hungarian, the verb to be is usually left out in the present tense when the subject is third person and the predicate is a noun or adjective.

So:

• A szűrő tiszta. = The filter is clean.

Hungarian does not normally say A szűrő van tiszta here.

But the verb appears in other situations, for example:

• A szűrő tiszta volt. = The filter was clean.
• A szűrő tiszta lesz. = The filter will be clean.

So this missing is is completely normal.

Yes, when an adjective is directly attached to a noun, it usually comes before the noun:

• a tiszta szűrő = the clean filter

But in A szűrő tiszta, tiszta is not part of the noun phrase. It is the predicate adjective, meaning clean is what is being said about the filter.

So the difference is:

• a tiszta szűrő = the clean filter
• a szűrő tiszta = the filter is clean

This is a very important distinction in Hungarian.

A careful pronunciation is roughly /syːrøː/.

Here is the breakdown:

• sz = English s in see
• ű = a long vowel somewhat like German ü
• r = a tapped or lightly rolled r
• ő = a long vowel somewhat like German ö or French eu

Two especially important things for English speakers:

• sz is s
• Hungarian s by itself sounds like English sh

So:

• sz = s
• s = sh

The double acute accent in ű and ő marks special Hungarian vowels, and it also shows that they are long vowels.

So:

• ü and ű are related, but ű is longer
• ö and ő are related, but ő is longer

Vowel length matters in Hungarian, so these are not just spelling details. They are part of the correct pronunciation.

Szűrő is in its basic dictionary form: nominative singular.

There is no extra case ending here. The sentence is simply talking about the filter as the subject.

So structurally, it is:

• A szűrő = the filter
• tiszta = clean

Hungarian often uses very simple bare forms like this in short descriptive sentences.

Hungarian adjectives do not change for grammatical gender, because Hungarian has no grammatical gender.

So tiszta can describe something that would be he, she, or it in English without changing form.

For number, there is an important pattern:

• before a noun, the adjective usually stays unchanged:

  • a tiszta szűrő = the clean filter
  • a tiszta szűrők = the clean filters

• in predicate position, the adjective can show plural:

  • A szűrő tiszta. = The filter is clean.
  • A szűrők tiszták. = The filters are clean.

So in your sentence, tiszta is singular because szűrő is singular.

Yes, you can.

Both are possible, but the nuance changes a little:

• A szűrő tiszta. = neutral statement
• Tiszta a szűrő. = more focus on clean

The second version can sound like:

• The filter is clean
• or even The filter is clean, actually / it’s the filter that is clean

Hungarian word order is flexible, and changing the order often changes focus or emphasis, not the basic meaning.