A küldemény a címzetthez jut.

Because Hungarian adds a case ending to show to/toward someone.

• címzett = recipient / addressee
• -hoz / -hez / -höz = to, toward

So:

• címzett → címzetthez = to the recipient

The form -hez is used because of vowel harmony: címzett has front vowels, so it takes the front-vowel version of the ending.

Also, the spelling keeps the double tt of címzett, so you get címzett + hez = címzetthez.

Here jut means gets to, reaches, or arrives at.

So a címzetthez jut literally means something like:

• gets to the recipient
• reaches the addressee

This verb can have several meanings in other contexts, but in this sentence it is about successful arrival at a destination.

Grammatically, jut is:

• present tense
• 3rd person singular
• the form used for he/she/it gets / reaches

Because in Hungarian, the definite article and the case ending do different jobs.

• a = the
• -hez = to

Hungarian keeps the article before the noun, and the case ending goes on the noun itself:

• a címzett = the recipient
• a címzetthez = to the recipient

So the article does not disappear just because the noun has a case suffix.

Because both noun phrases are definite.

• A küldemény = the shipment / the item
• a címzetthez = to the recipient

Hungarian uses the definite article separately for each definite noun phrase, just like English uses the more than once:

• The shipment gets to the recipient.

So having two a forms is completely normal.

No. It is not an object; it is a destination.

In English, we say:

• The shipment reaches the recipient
• The shipment gets to the recipient

In Hungarian, the recipient here is expressed with the allative ending -hoz/-hez/-höz, which marks movement toward / to someone.

So the structure is more like:

• The shipment gets to the recipient

not:

• The shipment recipient-reaches as a direct object structure

That is why you do not see the accusative ending -t on címzett here.

This is a normal, neutral Hungarian word order.

• A küldemény = the subject
• a címzetthez = destination
• jut = verb

Hungarian often puts the verb later in the sentence when there is no special emphasis. So this sentence sounds like a straightforward statement.

If you changed the word order, you could change the emphasis. For example:

• A címzetthez jut a küldemény.
  This puts more attention on to the recipient.

But A küldemény a címzetthez jut is a natural neutral version.

This is because of vowel harmony, a basic Hungarian pattern.

The suffix has three versions:

• -hoz
• -hez
• -höz

The noun chooses the version that matches its vowels.

Since címzett contains front vowels, it takes -hez:

• címzett → címzetthez

A learner does need to memorize these patterns over time, but the short answer here is: front vowels → -hez.

Küldemény is a fairly general and somewhat formal word for something sent.

Depending on context, it can mean:

• shipment
• consignment
• postal item
• package
• dispatch

It is broader and more formal than csomag, which more specifically means package / parcel.

So:

• csomag = package, parcel
• küldemény = shipment / sent item / consignment

In an official or postal-style sentence, küldemény is very natural.

Yes, often it would be.

• jut = gets, reaches
• eljut = gets there, reaches successfully, makes it to

The prefix el- often adds a sense of successful arrival at the destination.

So:

• A küldemény a címzetthez jut.
• A küldemény eljut a címzetthez.

Both are possible, though eljut may sound a bit more explicit about actually making it there. The sentence you were given is still correct and natural, especially in formal or written style.