A műszaki helyzet nehéz.

Because Hungarian often leaves out the verb to be in the present tense, third person when the predicate is a noun or an adjective.

So:

• A műszaki helyzet nehéz. = The technical situation is difficult.

There is no visible is, but it is understood.

Compare:

• Én fáradt vagyok. = I am tired.
• Te fáradt vagy. = You are tired.
• Ő fáradt. = He/she is tired.

In the past or future, the verb appears again:

• A műszaki helyzet nehéz volt. = The technical situation was difficult.
• A műszaki helyzet nehéz lesz. = The technical situation will be difficult.

A is the Hungarian definite article, so it means the.

Hungarian has two forms of the singular definite article:

• a before a consonant sound
• az before a vowel sound

Since helyzet begins with h, which is a consonant, Hungarian uses a:

• a helyzet

If the next word began with a vowel, you would use az:

• az autó = the car

Because this is a normal adjective + noun combination:

• műszaki = adjective
• helyzet = noun

In Hungarian, ordinary adjective + noun combinations are usually written separately:

• nehéz feladat = difficult task
• jó ötlet = good idea
• műszaki helyzet = technical situation

Hungarian does have many compounds written as one word, but this sentence is not using that pattern.

It is an adjective meaning something like technical, engineering-related, or mechanical, depending on context.

Here it modifies helyzet, so together they form a noun phrase:

• műszaki helyzet

The ending -i is very common in Hungarian adjectives and often gives the sense of related to or connected with something. Still, for learning purposes, it is best to treat műszaki as a complete vocabulary item.

Because it is in the nominative case, which is the basic dictionary form and usually has no ending in Hungarian.

In this sentence, helyzet is the subject, so no extra case ending is needed:

• A műszaki helyzet nehéz.

Hungarian adds endings when a noun has another role, such as:

• helyzetben = in a situation
• helyzetet = a situation as a direct object
• helyzethez = to a situation

So the lack of an ending here is completely normal.

Because nehéz is the predicate adjective, and this word order is a very normal, neutral Hungarian pattern.

You can think of the sentence as:

• A műszaki helyzet = the topic
• nehéz = what is being said about it

So the structure is:

• [topic] + [comment]

Hungarian word order is flexible, though, and changing it changes emphasis:

• A műszaki helyzet nehéz. = neutral
• Nehéz a műszaki helyzet. = stronger emphasis on difficult

Both are grammatical.

Not in the way they do in many European languages.

First, Hungarian has no grammatical gender, so there is no masculine/feminine/neuter agreement.

Second, an adjective before a noun usually does not change for number:

• műszaki helyzet = technical situation
• műszaki helyzetek = technical situations

Notice that műszaki stays the same.

However, a predicate adjective can show plural:

• A helyzet nehéz. = The situation is difficult.
• A helyzetek nehezek. = The situations are difficult.

So in your sentence:

• műszaki stays unchanged because it comes before the noun
• nehéz is singular because the subject is singular

A rough guide:

• A — short vowel, somewhat like the o in British not
• műszaki — stress on the first syllable: MŰ-sza-ki
• helyzet — roughly HEJ-zet
• nehéz — roughly NE-héz

A few important sound notes:

• ű has no exact English equivalent; it is like a long German ü
• sz is pronounced like English s
• ly in modern Hungarian is pronounced like y in yes
• é is a long e sound

Hungarian stress normally falls on the first syllable of each word.

No. Nehéz can also mean heavy.

For example:

• nehéz doboz = heavy box
• nehéz kérdés = difficult question

In A műszaki helyzet nehéz, the context clearly points to difficult, not physical weight.

Yes, but the emphasis changes.

These are both possible:

• A műszaki helyzet nehéz. — neutral, straightforward statement
• Nehéz a műszaki helyzet. — emphasizes nehéz

This is very common in Hungarian: the core meaning may stay similar, but word order helps show what is most important, new, or contrastive in the sentence.