A nyújtás az edzés után kezdődik.

Hungarian has two forms of the definite article:

• a before a consonant sound
• az before a vowel sound

So:

• a nyújtás = the stretching
• az edzés = the workout/training

It is the same word grammatically, just with two sound-based forms, similar to how English uses a and an.

Because edzés begins with a vowel sound, Hungarian uses az before it.

So:

• az edzés
• not a edzés

This is purely a pronunciation rule.

Nyújtás is a noun meaning stretching or stretching exercise.

It comes from the verb nyújt, which means to stretch or to extend. The ending -ás/-és often turns a verb into a noun referring to the action.

For example:

• tanít = to teach → tanítás = teaching
• edz = to train → edzés = training/workout
• nyújt = to stretch → nyújtás = stretching

So a nyújtás literally means the stretching.

Edzés means training, exercise, or workout, depending on context.

In this sentence, az edzés után most naturally means:

• after the workout
• or after training

It is another action noun, formed from edz (to train).

Because után is a postposition, not a preposition.

English uses prepositions:

• after the workout

Hungarian often uses postpositions:

• az edzés után
• literally: the workout after

This is very normal in Hungarian. Many relationship words come after the noun instead of before it.

Because után itself expresses the meaning after, so edzés stays in its basic form here.

So:

• az edzés után = after the workout

You do not need an extra case ending on edzés in this construction.

This is different from some other Hungarian structures, where the noun does take a case ending.

Kezdődik means begins, starts, or takes place as a beginning.

Compare:

• kezd = begins/starts something or starts doing something
• kezdődik = begins/starts on its own, as an event

In this sentence, the stretching begins, so Hungarian naturally uses kezdődik.

A rough comparison:

• A tanár kezdi az órát. = The teacher starts the class.
• Az óra kezdődik. = The class begins.

So kezdődik is the better choice when the subject is the thing that begins.

The -dik is part of a special verb form found in some Hungarian verbs, often in dictionary forms like:

• kezdődik
• látszik
• tetszik

You do not need to treat -dik as a separate word with a separate translation here. The important thing is to learn kezdődik as the normal verb meaning to begin in this kind of sentence.

For a beginner, it is best to remember:

• kezd = start something
• kezdődik = begin, start

Hungarian word order is more flexible than English word order, but this sentence uses a very neutral, natural order:

• A nyújtás = topic/subject
• az edzés után = time expression
• kezdődik = verb

So the structure is roughly:

• The stretching
  • after the workout
    • begins

This sounds normal in Hungarian.

Hungarian often places the verb later than English does, especially in calm, neutral statements.

Yes. Hungarian word order can change depending on emphasis.

For example:

• A nyújtás az edzés után kezdődik.
  Neutral: The stretching begins after the workout.

• Az edzés után kezdődik a nyújtás.
  This puts more emphasis on after the workout.

Both are grammatical, but they are not identical in emphasis.

Because Hungarian usually does not need subject pronouns when the subject is already expressed or understood.

Here the subject is explicitly stated as:

• A nyújtás = the stretching

So there is no need for an extra pronoun.

Hungarian also often leaves out pronouns like he, she, it, they when the verb or context makes things clear.

A rough guide:

• ny sounds somewhat like the ny in Spanish señor or like n + y said together
• új is a long vowel sequence
• tás has a long á

A rough English-style approximation would be something like:

• nyooY-taash

But that is only approximate. The key things are:

• ny is a single Hungarian sound
• ú and á are long vowels
• stress is on the first syllable: NYÚJ-tás

Not always. Hungarian definite articles are often used in places where English may or may not use the.

Depending on context, A nyújtás az edzés után kezdődik could be translated naturally as:

• Stretching begins after the workout.
• The stretching begins after the workout.

English often prefers the version without the for general activities, but Hungarian still uses a/az very naturally here. So do not expect article use to match English exactly.