बारिश में छत गंदी हो गई।

Here बारिश में most naturally means in the rain or during the rain.

So the sentence suggests that the roof became dirty while exposed to rain. In natural English, the full idea may be understood as:

• The roof got dirty in the rain.
• The roof became dirty during the rain.

Depending on context, English might also interpret it as because of the rain, but Hindi here uses में, which is more literally in / during, not the direct cause-marker से.

Compare:

• बारिश में छत gंदी हो गई। = The roof got dirty in/during the rain.
• बारिश से छत गंदी हो गई। = The roof got dirty because of the rain.

Hindi usually follows Subject–Object–Verb order, and the verb often comes at the end.

This sentence breaks down like this:

• बारिश में = in the rain / during the rain
• छत = roof
• गंदी = dirty
• हो गई = became / got

So literally it is something like:

In the rain, the roof dirty became.

That is normal Hindi structure. English moves became/got earlier, but Hindi keeps the verb phrase at the end.

Because छत is a feminine noun in Hindi.

Adjectives like गंदा change form to agree with gender and number when they are variable adjectives. Here:

• गंदा = dirty (masculine singular)
• गंदी = dirty (feminine singular)
• गंदे = dirty (masculine plural / some oblique uses)

Since छत is feminine singular, the adjective becomes गंदी.

So:

• छत गंदी है। = The roof is dirty.
• कमरा गंदा है। = The room is dirty.

हो गई is the feminine singular perfective form of होना (to be / to become / to happen).

In this sentence, it means became or got.

So:

• गंदी हो गई = became dirty / got dirty

This is a very common Hindi pattern:

• साफ हो गया = became clean
• ठंडा हो गया = became cold
• बंद हो गया = got shut / became closed

Because छत is feminine singular, Hindi uses गई, not गया.

Because both parts agree with छत, which is feminine singular.

There are two agreeing elements here:

1. गंदी — adjective agreeing with छत
2. गई — part of the verb phrase हो गई, also agreeing with छत

So the sentence shows feminine agreement twice:

• छत = feminine singular
• therefore गंदी
• and हो गई

If the subject were masculine singular, you would get:

• कमरा गंदा हो गया। = The room got dirty.

Because this sentence uses होना in an intransitive sense (to become), and there is no ergative subject here.

ने is commonly used with many transitive verbs in the perfective:

• राम ने खाना खाया। = Ram ate food.

But with a sentence like X became dirty, Hindi does not use ने:

• छत गंदी हो गई। = The roof got dirty.

So छत is simply the subject, with no ने.

छत can mean roof, and in some contexts it can also refer to a ceiling.

However, in this sentence, because of बारिश में (in the rain), the natural meaning is roof, not ceiling.

A ceiling is usually indoors, so getting dirty in the rain points much more naturally to a roof.

So in this context, a learner should understand छत as roof.

Yes. That is also natural.

Hindi word order is flexible, especially with time/place phrases like बारिश में. Both of these work:

• बारिश में छत गंदी हो गई।
• छत बारिश में गंदी हो गई।

The difference is mostly one of emphasis or flow:

• बारिश में... puts the situation first: in the rain...
• छत... puts the roof first.

Both mean essentially the same thing.

This is an important difference:

• छत गंदी है। = The roof is dirty.
• छत गंदी हो गई। = The roof became / got dirty.

So:

• है describes a current state.
• हो गई shows a change into that state.

If you want to say only that the roof is dirty now, use है. If you want to say that it was not dirty before, but then became dirty, use हो गई.

Yes. In many sentences, both are good English translations.

• गंदी हो गई = became dirty
• गंदी हो गई = got dirty

In everyday English, got dirty often sounds more natural. In more formal or literal translation, became dirty is also correct.

छत is pronounced approximately like chhat.

A rough guide:

• छ = an aspirated chh sound
• त = a soft dental t

So it is not exactly the English chat. It is closer to chhat, with a stronger burst of air after the ch sound.

Also:

• गंदी ≈ gun-dee (very roughly)
• बारिश ≈ baa-rish

These are only approximations, but they help with first recognition.

Yes, usually it is.

हो गई is a perfective form, so the sentence normally means that the change has already happened:

• The roof got dirty.
• The roof became dirty.

It presents the dirtiness as a result that has occurred.

Depending on context, Hindi perfective forms can sometimes feel close to English present perfect or simple past, but for most learners here, got dirty / became dirty is the right understanding.