उस दुकान में पुराने जूते सस्ते हैं, लेकिन नए जूते बहुत महँगे हैं।

Because में is a postposition, and nouns/pronouns before a postposition usually take the oblique form.

• वह = that / he/she in the direct form
• उस = oblique form of वह
• में = in

So:

• वह दुकान = that shop
• उस दुकान में = in that shop

This is one of the most important patterns in Hindi: after a postposition like में, पर, से, को, the word before it often changes to the oblique form.

Not every noun shows a visible change in the oblique singular.

दुकान is a feminine noun, and in the singular its direct and oblique forms look the same:

• direct: दुकान
• oblique singular: दुकान

So even though it is in the oblique because of में, its form does not visibly change.

Because the sentence is talking about shoes in the plural, not a shoe in the singular.

• जूता = shoe (singular, masculine)
• जूते = shoes (plural, masculine direct form)

Since both old shoes and new shoes are plural, जूते is the correct form.

Because these adjectives must agree with जूते, which is:

• masculine
• plural
• direct case

For many Hindi adjectives, the ending changes to match the noun.

For example:

• masculine singular: पुराना जूता, नया जूता
• masculine plural: पुराने जूते, नए जूते

So:

• पुराने जूते = old shoes
• नए जूते = new shoes

Because in Hindi, predicate adjectives also agree with the noun.

In English we say:

• The shoes are cheap
• The shoes are expensive

The adjectives cheap and expensive do not change.

But in Hindi, they do:

• जूते सस्ते हैं
• जूते महँगे हैं

Since जूते is masculine plural, the adjectives become:

• सस्ता → सस्ते
• महँगा → महँगे

This agreement happens even though the adjectives come after the noun.

Because the subject is plural.

• है = is
• हैं = are

Here the subject is जूते (shoes), which is plural, so Hindi uses हैं:

• जूते सस्ते हैं
• जूते महँगे हैं

If it were singular, you would use है:

• जूता सस्ता है = The shoe is cheap.

लेकिन means but.

It connects two contrasting statements:

• पुराने जूते sस्ते हैं = Old shoes are cheap
• लेकिन नए जूते बहुत महँगे हैं = But new shoes are very expensive

Its placement is similar to English but: it comes between the two clauses.

बहुत means very here.

So:

• महँगे = expensive
• बहुत महँगे = very expensive

It works as an intensifier, just like English very.

Note that बहुत can also mean much or a lot, depending on context, but here it clearly means very.

Yes, Hindi word order is somewhat flexible, but the most neutral order here is:

location + subject + adjective + verb

So:

• उस दुकान में = in that shop
• पुराने जूते = old shoes
• सस्ते = cheap
• हैं = are

A very literal breakdown is:

In that shop old shoes cheap are, but new shoes very expensive are.

Hindi often places the verb at the end, unlike English.

Because जूते here is in the direct plural, not the oblique plural.

Compare:

• direct plural: जूते
• oblique plural: जूतों

You use जूतों when a postposition follows:

• जूते सस्ते हैं = The shoes are cheap.
• जूते खरीदो = Buy shoes.
• जूतों में = in the shoes
• जूतों को = to the shoes / the shoes (object marker)

In this sentence, जूते is not followed by a postposition, so the direct plural जूते is correct.

Because repeating the noun makes the contrast very clear:

• पुराने जूते सस्ते हैं
• लेकिन नए जूते बहुत महँगे हैं

Hindi often repeats nouns where English might sometimes omit them.

In context, you might hear a shorter version like:

• उस दुकान में पुराने जूते सस्ते हैं, लेकिन नए बहुत महँगे हैं।

That can still be understood, because जूते is implied. But the full version with नए जूते is clearer and very natural.

Literally, में means in.

So उस दुकान में literally means in that shop.

In English, depending on context, we might naturally say either:

• in that shop
• at that shop

Hindi uses में for the location inside that place or within that place generally. In translation, English may choose the smoother option.

महँगे is pronounced roughly like ma-han-ge or muh-hun-gay, depending on accent and how closely you want to imitate Hindi pronunciation.

The mark ँ is called chandrabindu, and it shows nasalization. So the vowel is nasalized.

You do not need to overthink it at first, but it is good to notice that:

• महंगे and महँगे are often written interchangeably in informal typing
• the standard spelling is महँगे

The meaning is expensive.

Hindi usually does not use articles like English a, an, and the.

So:

• दुकान can mean shop, a shop, or the shop, depending on context
• जूते can mean shoes or the shoes

In this sentence, context tells us the meaning:

• उस दुकान में already specifies that shop
• पुराने जूते and नए जूते are understood naturally without articles

This is very normal in Hindi.