क्या तुमने कल नए कपड़े पहने, या तुम घर में रही?

Here क्या is not what. At the start of a sentence, it often works as a yes/no question marker. So क्या तुमने... is like saying Did you... ?

Hindi can also ask yes/no questions just with intonation, but sentence-initial क्या is very common and clear.

The ने is an ergative marker. In Hindi, it is commonly used with the subject of a transitive verb in the perfective past.

Here, पहनना (to wear / put on) is transitive, and the action is treated as completed in the past, so Hindi uses:

तुमने ... पहने

not just तुम ... पहने

Because रहना (to stay / remain / live) is an intransitive verb here. In standard Hindi, intransitive verbs like this normally do not take ने.

So:

• तुमने कपड़े पहने = you wore clothes
• तुम घर में रही = you stayed at home

That difference is very important.

Because कपड़े is masculine plural.

The adjective नया (new) must agree with the noun:

• masculine singular: नया कपड़ा
• masculine plural: नए कपड़े
• feminine singular/plural: नई ...

So नए कपड़े means new clothes.

Because in this kind of sentence, the verb agrees with कपड़े.

Since the subject has ने, the perfective verb often agrees with the direct object if that object is not marked with को. Here the direct object is कपड़े, which is masculine plural, so the verb becomes पहने.

That is why both the adjective and the verb match कपड़े:

• नए = masculine plural
• पहने = masculine plural

Yes. पहने comes from पहनना, meaning to wear or to put on.

In this sentence, पहने is the perfective form agreeing with masculine plural कपड़े. So literally it is something like wore in relation to clothes.

रही shows that the person being addressed is female.

With रहना in this form:

• male singular: रहा
• female singular: रही
• masculine plural / mixed plural: रहे
• feminine plural / polite plural: often रहीं

So this sentence is being said to a woman or girl.

Not in this sentence.

It is true that रहा / रही / रहे often appear in the progressive:

• वह काम कर रही है = she is doing work

But here रही belongs to the verb रहना itself:

• घर में रही = stayed at home / remained at home

So here it is not a progressive construction. It is the main verb.

Hindi often leaves out the auxiliary in conversation when the meaning is already clear.

So:

• तुम घर में रही? and
• तुम घर में रही थी?

can both be understood, though the second is more explicit.

The shorter version sounds conversational and natural in many contexts.

Because कल can mean either yesterday or tomorrow, and context tells you which one is meant.

Here the verbs are in past/completed forms:

• तुमने ... पहने
• तुम ... रही

So कल must mean yesterday in this sentence.

Yes, घर पर is also possible.

• घर में = in the house / at home
• घर पर = at home

In many everyday situations, both are natural. में can feel a little more literally inside the home, while पर is a very common way to say at someone’s place / at home.

या means or.

It connects two alternatives:

• क्या तुमने कल नए कपड़े पहने
• या तुम घर में रही

So the speaker is offering two possibilities: Did you wear new clothes yesterday, or did you stay at home?

Hindi usually prefers subject + object + verb order, unlike English.

So:

• तुमने = you
• कल = yesterday
• नए कपड़े = new clothes
• पहने = wore

Literally, the structure is close to: You yesterday new clothes wore

That is normal Hindi word order.

It is understandable and basically fine, especially in conversation. But speakers might also say slightly fuller versions, such as:

• क्या तुमने कल नए कपड़े पहने थे, या तुम घर में रही थी?
• क्या तुमने कल नए कपड़े पहने, या घर पर रही?

In everyday speech, Hindi often drops words that are understood from context, especially auxiliaries like था / थी / थे. So the original sentence is quite plausible as conversational Hindi.