मुझे स्कूल का रास्ता पता है, लेकिन बाज़ार का रास्ता नहीं पता।

Because Hindi often uses a different structure for knowing certain kinds of information.

In this sentence, मुझे ... पता है literally works like:

• to me
• the way to school
• is known

So मुझे is the oblique form of मैं with को built into it:

• मैं = I
• मुझे = to me

This is very common with expressions like:

• मुझे पता है = I know
• मुझे याद है = I remember
• मुझे भूख लगी है = I am hungry

So even though English says I know, Hindi often says something closer to to me it is known.

पता है means is known or more naturally know / know about / know the way depending on context.

In this sentence:

• मुझे स्कूल का रास्ता पता है = I know the way to school

A very useful chunk is:

• मुझे पता है = I know
• मुझे नहीं पता = I don’t know

So पता is often used when talking about:

• facts
• information
• addresses
• directions
• routes

Examples:

• मुझे उसका नाम पता है। = I know his name.
• मुझे उसका पता नहीं पता। = I don’t know his address.
• मुझे घर का रास्ता पता है। = I know the way home.

Yes, का often means of, but in Hindi this structure is also used in phrases that English translates differently.

So:

• स्कूल का रास्ता literally = the school’s road/path
• natural English = the way to school

Similarly:

• घर का रास्ता = the way home / the road to the house
• बाज़ार का रास्ता = the way to the market

This is a very normal Hindi pattern:

• X का रास्ता = the way to X

So although it looks like possession in English, it often just expresses relationship.

Because का / की / ke agrees with the noun that follows it, not with स्कूल or बाज़ार.

The noun after it is रास्ता, which is:

• masculine
• singular

So the correct form is का:

• स्कूल का रास्ता
• बाज़ार का रास्ता

If the following noun were feminine singular, you would use की:

• स्कूल की बस = the school bus

If it were masculine plural, you would use के:

• स्कूल के रास्ते = the routes/roads to school

Yes, Hindi can shorten it, but repeating रास्ता makes the sentence clear and balanced.

Full sentence:

• मुझे स्कूल का रास्ता पता है, लेकिन बाज़ार का रास्ता नहीं पता।

A shorter version could be:

• मुझे स्कूल का रास्ता पता है, लेकिन बाज़ार का नहीं।

That shorter version is natural if the missing word is obvious from context. But learners often first see the fuller version because it is easier to understand grammatically.

Because in Hindi, नहीं usually comes before the word or phrase it negates.

So:

• पता है = is known / I know
• नहीं पता = not known / I don’t know

Very common patterns:

• मुझे पता है = I know
• मुझे नहीं पता = I don’t know

You will hear नहीं पता as a fixed, very common expression.

In everyday Hindi, both are possible:

• नहीं पता
• पता नहीं है

In the full sentence, नहीं पता is very natural and idiomatic:

• मुझे स्कूल का रास्ता पता है, लेकिन बाज़ार ka रास्ता नहीं पता।

You could also say:

• मुझे स्कूल का रास्ता पता है, लेकिन बाज़ार का रास्ता पता नहीं है।

That version is also correct. It is just a bit more explicit.

So:

• नहीं पता = very common spoken style
• पता नहीं है = also correct and common

Great question. Both can relate to knowing, but they are not used in exactly the same way.

पता है

Used for knowing:

• information
• facts
• addresses
• directions
• the way somewhere

Examples:

• मुझे पता है। = I know.
• मुझे उसका नाम पता है। = I know his name.
• मुझे स्कूल का रास्ता पता है। = I know the way to school.

जानना / जानता हूँ

Often used for:

• being acquainted with people
• knowing something in a broader or more deliberate sense
• having learned something

Examples:

• मैं उसे जानता हूँ। = I know him.
• मैं सच जानता हूँ। = I know the truth.

For directions or addresses, पता है is usually the more natural choice.
So मुझे स्कूल का रास्ता पता है sounds more idiomatic than मैं स्कूल का रास्ता जानता हूँ.

Hindi has no direct equivalent of English articles a/an/the.

So:

• स्कूल can mean school, a school, or the school
• बाज़ार can mean market, a market, or the market

The exact meaning depends on context.

That is why:

• स्कूल का रास्ता can mean the way to school
• बाज़ार का रास्ता can mean the way to the market

Hindi normally does not need an article there.

लेकिन means but.

It connects two contrasting ideas:

• मुझे स्कूल का रास्ता पता है = I know the way to school
• लेकिन = but
• बाज़ार का रास्ता नहीं पता = I don’t know the way to the market

So the sentence sets up a contrast:

• I know one route,
• but not the other.

Other common Hindi words for but include:

• पर
• मगर

But लेकिन is very standard and clear.

Yes, in this sentence both stay in their normal form.

• स्कूल is a borrowed word from English
• बाज़ार is a common noun meaning market

Neither needs to change here because the का is agreeing with रास्ता, not with स्कूल or बाज़ार.

So:

• स्कूल का रास्ता
• बाज़ार का रास्ता

The main grammar marking is happening through का, not by changing those nouns.

Yes. That is also correct.

• मुझे स्कूल का रास्ता पता है
• मुझे स्कूल का रास्ता मालूम है

Both mean I know the way to school.

A small nuance:

• पता है is extremely common in everyday speech
• मालूम है is also common, and can sound slightly more formal or regionally preferred depending on the speaker

Similarly:

• मुझे नहीं पता = I don’t know
• मुझे मालूम नहीं = I don’t know

Both are natural.

No, but it is a very common and natural choice.

रास्ता can mean:

• road
• route
• path
• way

In this sentence it means the way / route.

Other related words include:

• सड़क = road/street
• मार्ग = route/path, often more formal
• राह = way/path, often literary or idiomatic

For everyday I know the way to..., रास्ता is exactly what learners should expect to hear.

A rough literal breakdown is:

• मुझे = to me
• स्कूल का रास्ता = the school’s way / the way to school
• पता है = is known
• लेकिन = but
• बाज़ार का रास्ता = the way to the market
• नहीं पता = not known

So a very literal gloss would be:

To me, the way to school is known, but the way to the market is not known.

That sounds unnatural in English, but it helps explain why Hindi uses मुझे and पता है this way.