הכלב נובח בלילה.

A common pronunciation is:

ha-kelev no-ve-aḥ ba-layla

A few notes:

• הכלב = ha-kelev
• נובח = no-ve-aḥ
• בלילה = ba-layla

The final sound ח in נובח is not an English h. It is a throat sound, like the ch in Scottish loch or German Bach.

The prefix ה־ is the Hebrew definite article, meaning the.

So:

• כלב = dog
• הכלב = the dog

In Hebrew, the is attached directly to the noun, not written as a separate word.

נובח is the masculine singular present-tense form of the verb לנבוח, which means to bark.

It matches הכלב, which is grammatically masculine singular.

Hebrew verbs in the present tense usually agree with the subject in:

• gender
• number

So here:

• הכלב נובח = the dog barks / is barking

If the subject were feminine, the verb would change.

It can mean either one, depending on context.

In Modern Hebrew, the present tense often covers both:

• simple present: barks
• present progressive: is barking

So הכלב נובח בלילה could mean:

• The dog barks at night
• The dog is barking at night

The situation usually makes the intended meaning clear.

Because Hebrew normally does not use a present-tense form of to be the way English does.

In English, you say:

• The dog is barking

In Hebrew, you just say:

• הכלב נובח

So the idea of is is understood and does not need its own word here.

בלילה is made from:

• ב־ = in / at
• לילה = night

In Hebrew, short prepositions like ב־ are usually attached directly to the following word, so it becomes one written word.

Also, in this case, the phrase is understood as in the night / at night, and the article is built into the form.

So בלילה is the natural Hebrew way to say:

• at night
• in the night

That is just the normal Hebrew idiom.

Hebrew often uses definite time expressions such as:

• בלילה = at night
• בבוקר = in the morning
• בערב = in the evening

Even though English often uses no article in these phrases, Hebrew commonly does. So you should learn בלילה as a natural time expression, not translate it too literally every time.

Yes, Hebrew word order is more flexible than English word order.

The sentence as written:

הכלב נובח בלילה

is a very normal, neutral order:

• subject
• verb
• time expression

But you could also say:

בלילה הכלב נובח

This puts more emphasis on at night.

So the original sentence is standard, but other word orders are possible for emphasis or style.

The verb would change to agree with the subject.

Examples:

• הכלבה נובחת בלילה = the female dog barks at night
• הכלבים נובחים בלילה = the dogs bark at night
• הכלבות נובחות בלילה = the female dogs bark at night

So in Hebrew, present-tense verb forms change for:

• masculine vs. feminine
• singular vs. plural

No, they are related but not the same.

• בלילה = at night / during the night
• הלילה = tonight / the night

So:

• הכלב נובח בלילה usually means the dog barks at night or the dog is barking during the night
• הכלב נובח הלילה would more likely mean the dog is barking tonight

That is an important difference in everyday Hebrew.