המלצרית מזגה מים מקנקן גדול לכל השולחן.

המלצרית means the waitress.

• מלצר = waiter
• מלצרית = waitress
• ה־ = the

So the word is made of:

• ה
  • מלצרית
• literally: the
  • waitress

For a native English speaker, one important thing to notice is that Hebrew often marks gender directly on the noun. Here, ־ית is a common feminine ending.

Because the subject, המלצרית, is feminine singular, the verb has to agree with it.

מזגה is:

• past tense
• 3rd person
• feminine singular

So it means she poured.

Compare:

• מזג = he poured
• מזגה = she poured

The infinitive is למזוג = to pour.

Yes, in Modern Hebrew למזוג very commonly means to pour, especially drinks.

So in a restaurant context:

• למזוג מים = to pour water
• למזוג יין = to pour wine

The root can also be connected historically with mixing/blending, but in everyday speech this sentence is very naturally understood as the waitress poured water.

Because את is usually used before a definite direct object.

Here, מים is just water in a general, indefinite sense, so there is no את.

Compare:

• מזגה מים = she poured water
• מזגה את המים = she poured the water

A very common learner rule is:

• use את before the/specific direct object
• do not use את before an indefinite one

Because מים is one of those Hebrew nouns that has a plural form but often refers to something uncountable in English.

So although English says water, Hebrew says מים, which is morphologically plural-looking.

You can see this in agreement too:

• מים קרים = cold water
  literally, the adjective is in the plural form

This is normal Hebrew usage, and learners just have to get used to it as a vocabulary fact.

מקנקן means from a pitcher / from a jug.

The מ־ here is the preposition from, which comes from מִן.

So:

• קנקן = pitcher, jug
• מקנקן = from a pitcher

Hebrew often attaches short prepositions directly to the following word.

If it were definite, you would get:

• מהקנקן = from the pitcher

So the lack of ה־ here tells you it is a large pitcher, not the large pitcher.

Because in Hebrew, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe.

So:

• קנקן גדול = a large pitcher

not something like English large pitcher.

Also, adjectives in Hebrew must agree with the noun in:

• gender
• number
• definiteness

Here:

• קנקן is masculine singular
• so the adjective is גדול, also masculine singular

If the noun were definite, the adjective would also become definite:

• הקנקן הגדול = the large pitcher

Literally, it is something like for the whole table or for all the table, but in natural English it usually means:

• for everyone at the table
• for the whole table

This is a very natural restaurant-style way of speaking. Just like English can say the table ordered dessert, Hebrew can use השולחן to refer to the people sitting there.

So לכל השולחן does not really mean the physical table itself got the water. It means the water was poured for all the diners at that table.

Because the two phrases mean different things.

• לשולחן = to the table
• לכל השולחן = for the whole table / for everyone at the table

So לשולחן would focus more on direction or destination, while לכל השולחן focuses on the group of diners as a whole.

In this sentence, the idea is not just that the water went toward the table, but that it was served for all the people there.

Yes. This is a very normal Hebrew word order:

• המלצרית = subject
• מזגה = verb
• מים = direct object
• מקנקן גדול = prepositional phrase
• לכל השולחן = another prepositional phrase

So the sentence is basically:

Subject + Verb + Object + extra details

Hebrew is somewhat flexible with word order, and you could also hear other arrangements in real speech or writing, but this version is completely natural and easy for learners to recognize.