Learn Hardcore Hebrew: אתה אוהב חלב?

The ח sound in חלב does not exist in standard English. It is a throaty sound, like the ch in German Bach or Scottish loch.
In everyday Israeli speech, some vowel qualities may vary a little.

Why does the sentence start with אתה?

אתה means you when speaking to one male.

Hebrew usually marks gender in the second person, unlike English. So:

אתה = you to one male
את = you to one female
אתם = you to a group of males or a mixed group
אתן = you to a group of females

So this sentence is specifically addressed to one male.

Why is it אוהב and not some other form?

אוהב is the masculine singular present-tense form of the verb to love / to like.

Since the subject is אתה (you, masculine singular), the verb also appears in the masculine singular form.

Related forms include:

אני אוהב = I like/love said by a male
אני אוהבת = I like/love said by a female
אתה אוהב = you like/love to one male
את אוהבת = you like/love to one female

So the form of the verb changes according to gender and number.

Why is there no separate word for do, as in Do you like milk?

Hebrew does not usually use a helper verb like English do to form simple present questions.

English:

You like milk.
Do you like milk?

Hebrew:

אתה אוהב חלב. = You like milk.
אתה אוהב חלב? = Do you like milk?

The wording stays the same, and the question is usually shown by:

intonation in speech
a question mark in writing

So Hebrew does not need a separate word corresponding to English do here.

Is the word order special because it is a question?

Not really. In Hebrew, yes/no questions often keep the same basic word order as statements.

So:

אתה אוהב חלב. = You like milk.
אתה אוהב חלב? = Do you like milk?

The difference is mainly:

rising intonation when spoken
the question mark when written

Hebrew does not usually invert the subject and verb the way English sometimes does.

What exactly does אוהב mean here: love or like?

In this sentence, אוהב can often be understood as like in natural English, even though the basic verb לאהוב literally means to love.

In Hebrew, אוהב is often used for liking things, not only for deep emotional love. For example:

אני אוהב קפה = I like coffee
אני אוהב את המשפחה שלי = I love my family

So the exact English translation depends on context. With milk, English usually says like, not love, unless you want extra emphasis.

Why is there no word for the before milk?

The sentence says חלב, which means milk in a general sense.

If you wanted the milk, Hebrew would usually use:

החלב

The prefix ה־ is the Hebrew definite article, meaning the.

So:

חלב = milk
החלב = the milk

In this sentence, the general meaning is Do you like milk?, not Do you like the milk?

Can you leave out אתה and just say אוהב חלב?

Sometimes, yes, but it depends on context.

Hebrew often allows subject pronouns to be omitted when the meaning is clear enough, especially in informal speech. However, in the present tense, the verb form does not always identify the person as clearly as in some other tenses, so keeping אתה can be helpful.

אתה אוהב חלב? is clear and natural.
אוהב חלב? can also be said in conversation, especially if it is obvious you mean you.

So omitting אתה is possible in the right context, but the full sentence is a very clear standard form for learners.

Why are there no vowel marks? How am I supposed to know how to read it?

Most everyday Hebrew is written without niqqud (vowel marks).

So learners often see:

אתה אוהב חלב

Instead of a fully pointed version.

Native readers usually know the vowels from:

familiarity with the words
grammar
context

For learners, this can be challenging at first. In this sentence:

אתה is recognized as atah
אוהב as ohev
חלב as khalav

Over time, you learn to identify common patterns even without vowel marks.

What is the root of אוהב?

The verb אוהב comes from the root א-ה-ב, which is related to love.

The dictionary form is לאהוב = to love / to like.

From that root you get forms such as:

אוהב = masculine singular present
אוהבת = feminine singular present
אוהבים = masculine plural present
אוהבות = feminine plural present

Learning roots is useful in Hebrew because many related words come from the same three-letter root system.

Does חלב ever get pronounced differently?

Yes. In modern Israeli Hebrew, חלב in this sentence is usually pronounced khalav.

But you may also encounter variation because:

some speakers pronounce ח more strongly than others
some learners or transliteration systems write it as chalav
in very careful or traditional pronunciation, sounds may differ slightly from everyday speech

For a learner, khalav or chalav is a good practical guide, as long as you remember that the first consonant is the Hebrew ח, not a regular English h or ch.