ההתראה בכתב מציינת הפרת חוזה.

Questions & Answers about ההתראה בכתב מציינת הפרת חוזה.

Why does ההתראה have two הs at the beginning?

Because one ה is the definite article the, and the other ה is part of the noun itself.

  • Base noun: התראה = warning, notice
  • With the: ה + התראה = ההתראה

This happens with other nouns too, such as ההודעה and ההחלטה.

In pronunciation, it comes out roughly as ha-hatra'a, so both parts are still there.

What does בכתב mean here, and why isn’t it written as an adjective like כתובה?

בכתב literally means in writing.

In Hebrew, a prepositional phrase like בכתב often does the job that English does with an adjective. So:

  • התראה בכתב = a warning in writing = a written warning

You could also hear התראה כתובה, which also means written warning, but בכתב is very common in formal and legal language.

Why is the verb מציינת feminine singular?

Because the subject ההתראה is feminine singular, and Hebrew present-tense verbs agree with the subject in gender and number.

The verb here comes from לציין = to indicate, note, specify, mark.

Present forms:

  • מציין = masculine singular
  • מציינת = feminine singular
  • מציינים = masculine plural / mixed plural
  • מציינות = feminine plural

Since התראה is feminine singular, the sentence uses מציינת.

What is the dictionary form of מציינת?

The dictionary form is לציין.

So:

  • לציין = to indicate / to note / to specify
  • מציינת = indicating / indicates

In modern Hebrew, the present-tense form often covers what English expresses with the simple present, so מציינת can naturally mean indicates.

What does בכתב modify in the sentence?

It modifies ההתראה, not the verb.

So the structure is:

  • ההתראה בכתב = the written warning / the warning in writing
  • מציינת = indicates
  • הפרת חוזה = breach of contract

A native speaker will normally understand בכתב as attached to the noun right before it. If the intention were indicates in writing, Hebrew would usually phrase that differently or place בכתב closer to the verb.

Why is it הפרת חוזה and not הפרה של חוזה?

Because Hebrew often uses the construct state instead of של, especially in formal style.

Here:

  • הפרה = breach, violation
  • הפרת חוזה = breach of contract

This is a classic construct-state phrase. It is more compact and more formal than הפרה של חוזה.

Also, feminine nouns ending in -ה often change to -ת in the construct state:

  • הפרה → הפרת
  • compare also החלטה → החלטת
Is הפרת a noun or a verb here?

Here it is a noun in the construct state.

That can be confusing, because without vowels הפרת could look verbal to a learner. But in this sentence, the next word is חוזה, so together they form a noun phrase:

  • הפרת חוזה = breach of contract

That is the big clue. A construct noun is commonly followed directly by another noun.

Why is חוזה not definite? Why isn’t it החוזה?

Because the phrase הפרת חוזה is indefinite.

In a construct-state phrase, the first noun usually does not take ה. The definiteness of the whole phrase is determined by the second noun.

So:

  • הפרת חוזה = breach of contract / a breach of contract
  • הפרת החוזה = the breach of the contract

That is a very important Hebrew pattern.

Is this sentence natural everyday Hebrew?

Yes, but it sounds formal, especially legal or administrative.

Words and structures like:

  • התראה
  • בכתב
  • הפרת חוזה

are very common in official writing, contracts, warnings, and legal discussion.

In casual conversation, someone might use a simpler phrasing, but this sentence is perfectly natural in a formal context.

How do you pronounce the whole sentence?

A reasonable pronunciation guide is:

ha-hatra'á bikhtáv metsayénet hafarát khozé

A few notes:

  • ח in חוזה is like the sound in Scottish loch or German Bach
  • stress is roughly on:
    • hatra'Á
    • bikhtÁV
    • metsayÉnet
    • hafarÁT
    • khozÉ
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