Breakdown of Malama ta yi faɗakarwa cewa za a lashe kyauta ne ga ɗaliban da suka yi nasara.
Questions & Answers about Malama ta yi faɗakarwa cewa za a lashe kyauta ne ga ɗaliban da suka yi nasara.
Malama means a female teacher (or female learned person).
- malami = male teacher / learned man
- malama = female teacher / learned woman
- malam (often written Malam) = usually a respectful title for a man, like “Sir”, “Teacher”, “Scholar”.
So Malama ta yi faɗakarwa = “The (female) teacher gave a warning / did an awareness talk.”
ta yi is made of:
- ta = 3rd person singular feminine subject pronoun, perfective (“she”)
- yi = verb “to do / make”
Together ta yi = “she did / she has done.”
So Malama ta yi faɗakarwa literally = “The female teacher did (gave) a warning / an awareness talk.”
In writing, it should be two words (ta yi), not fused as tayi.
faɗakarwa is a verbal noun (like an -ing noun in English) formed from a verb meaning “to make someone aware / to warn / to sensitize”.
Depending on context, it can be translated as:
- warning
- awareness-raising talk
- sensitization / education session
Here, ta yi faɗakarwa is something like:
- “she gave a warning”
- or “she held an awareness session / talk”
cewa is a complementizer meaning “that” in English.
It introduces a clause that functions as the content of what was said, thought, or announced.
- ta yi faɗakarwa cewa …
= “she gave a warning that …”
So everything after cewa is the message of the warning: za a lashe kyauta ne ga ɗaliban da suka yi nasara.
za is a marker of future tense.
a here is an impersonal / passive subject pronoun.
za a + verb often corresponds to an English passive or an impersonal “they”/“people”:
- za a lashe kyauta
literally: “it will be won, a prize”
more naturally: “the prize will be won” / “someone will win the prize.”
Compare:
- za su lashe kyauta = “they will win the prize”
- za a lashe kyauta = “the prize will be (gotten / won)” (focus on the event, not on who wins).
lashe is a verb that, in this context, means “to win (a prize / competition)”.
Common collocation:
- lashe kyauta = “to win a prize”
- lashe gasar … = “to win the competition of …”
You could say samu kyauta (“receive a gift/prize”), but:
- lashe kyauta emphasizes winning it (usually after some competition).
- samu kyauta can simply be “get/receive a gift”, not necessarily by winning.
So za a lashe kyauta is specifically about winning.
kyauta can mean all of these, depending on context:
gift / present
- Na ba shi kyauta. = “I gave him a gift.”
prize / award
- An ba ta kyauta. = “She was given a prize.”
free (no payment) in some expressions
- kyauta ne (in some contexts) can imply “it’s free” (no charge).
In this sentence, because of lashe kyauta (“win a kyauta”), the natural reading is “prize (award)”, not just any gift, and not “free of charge”.
ne here is a focus / copula particle. It often:
- adds emphasis, or
- marks the end of the focused part of the sentence.
Roughly, za a lashe kyauta ne can feel like:
- “it is a prize that will be won”
- or “what will be won is a prize”.
In practice, it often just gives a slight emphatic or explanatory tone.
The sentence could be understood even without it:
- Za a lashe kyauta ga ɗaliban da suka yi nasara.
In many dialects, ne is used quite freely this way, sometimes regardless of strict gender agreement.
Here ga is a preposition meaning roughly “to / for”.
- ga ɗaliban da suka yi nasara
= “to/for the students who succeeded”
So kyauta ne ga ɗaliban … means “it is a prize for the students …”
Compare:
- Na ba shi littafi. = I gave him a book.
- Na ba littafi ga shi. = I gave a book to him.
- ɗalibai = “students” (indefinite plural: “(some) students”)
- ɗaliban = “the students” (definite plural, formed by adding -n)
So:
- ga ɗalibai = “to (some) students”
- ga ɗaliban = “to the students”
Here ga ɗaliban da suka yi nasara means “for the students who succeeded”, a specific group.
da suka yi nasara is a relative clause describing the students.
Breakdown:
- da = relative marker (like “who/that”)
- suka yi = “they did / they have done” (3rd plural perfective with focus)
- nasara = success
- yi nasara = “to succeed / be successful / win”
So:
- ɗaliban da suka yi nasara
= “the students who succeeded” / “the students who were successful.”
The whole phrase identifies which students will get the prize.
Both use the same verb yi nasara (“to succeed”), but:
sun yi nasara
- sun = neutral perfective “they have done”
- Basic statement: “they succeeded / they have succeeded.”
suka yi nasara
- suka = perfective with focus (often used in relative clauses, answers to questions, or emphasis)
- In relative clauses: “those who succeeded.”
So in a relative clause after a noun, suka is very common:
- ɗaliban da suka yi nasara = “the students who succeeded.”
If you said ɗaliban da sun yi nasara, it would sound wrong or at least very non‑standard.
Yes:
- Malama = (female) teacher
- ta yi = she did
- faɗakarwa = a warning / awareness-raising
- cewa = that
- za a = it will (be) … / there will be … (impersonal future)
- lashe = to win
- kyauta = a prize
- ne = (focus / “it is”)
- ga = to/for
- ɗaliban = the students
- da = who/that
- suka yi = they did / they have done (focused perfective)
- nasara = success
Putting it together:
“Malama ta yi faɗakarwa cewa za a lashe kyauta ne ga ɗaliban da suka yi nasara.”
≈ “The (female) teacher gave a warning / did an awareness talk, saying that it is a prize that will be won for the students who have succeeded.”
More natural English: “The teacher announced that a prize will be awarded to the students who succeed.”