Ƙofa tana kusa da taga.

The door is near the window.

Breakdown of Ƙofa tana kusa da taga.

• ne: to be
• kusa: near
• da: with
• ƙofa: the door
• taga: the window

Questions & Answers about Ƙofa tana kusa da taga.

What does each individual word in Ƙofa tana kusa da taga correspond to in English?

Word by word:

• Ƙofa – door
• ta-na (written tana) – literally she is / it is (for a feminine noun), functioning like “is” here
• kusa – near, close
• da – to / with (here it links near to the thing it is near)
• taga – window

So structurally it is: Door – it-is – near – to – window.

Why is it tana and not yana in this sentence?

Hausa treats many nouns as grammatically masculine or feminine.

• Ƙofa (door) is grammatically feminine.
• For feminine singular subjects, Hausa uses ta as the pronoun “she/it (fem.)”.
• With the imperfective/aspect marker na, this becomes tana (ta + na).

If the subject were masculine, like gida (house, masc.), you would say:

• Gida yana kusa da taga. – The house is near the window.

So:

• tana = “she/it (fem.) is”
• yana = “he/it (masc.) is”

Ƙofa is feminine, so you must use tana.

What exactly is tana? Is it a verb like “to be”?

Tana is made of two parts:

• ta – third person feminine singular pronoun (she / it (feminine)).
• na – an aspect marker (imperfective) that often works like “is/are” with ongoing actions, states, or locations.

In this kind of sentence, pronoun + na works more or less like English “to be” when:

• describing location:
  
  • Ƙofa tana kusa da taga. – The door is near the window.
  • Yana gida. – He is at home.
• describing certain states/qualities:
  
  • Gida yana da girma. – The house is big (lit. has bigness).

So tana is not a single “be-verb” word, but the combination ta + na plays the role of “is” here.

Could I leave out tana and just say Ƙofa kusa da taga?

In careful, standard Hausa, you normally keep tana in a full sentence like this.

• Ƙofa tana kusa da taga. – full, normal sentence.

Dropping tana:

• Ƙofa kusa da taga would sound elliptical / fragment-like, similar to saying in English: “Door near the window” rather than “The door is near the window.”
• You might hear this kind of shortening in very casual speech, on signs, or in notes/labels, but for normal complete sentences, keep tana.

What does kusa da mean exactly? Is it one expression or two separate words?

Kusa da is best thought of as a set expression meaning “near, close to”.

• kusa – “nearness, closeness; near”
• da – “with / to” here, but it’s really just the linker that turns kusa into “near to X”.

So the structure is:

• kusa da taga – near to (the) window

You can use kusa da with many nouns:

• kusa da gida – near the house
• kusa da kasuwa – near the market

Is the da in kusa da taga the same da that means “and”?

It’s the same word form da, but Hausa da has several functions:

1. “and”:

   • Ali da Maryam – Ali and Maryam

2. “with” / “to / at / by” in certain fixed expressions and prepositional phrases, such as:

   • kusa da taga – near to the window
   • tare da shi – together with him

In kusa da taga, da is not joining two equal items like “door and window”; instead, it’s linking kusa (near) to its object (taga).

Why is there no word for “the” before ƙofa or taga? How do you say “the door” vs “a door”?

Hausa does not use separate words like English “the” and “a”.

• A bare noun like ƙofa or taga can be translated as either “a door / a window” or “the door / the window” depending on context.

For example:

• Na ga ƙofa. – “I saw a/the door.” (context decides)

There are ways to make definiteness clearer, often using suffixes or additional words:

• Ƙofar nan – this door / the door here
• Ƙofar gidan – the door of the house

But in a simple sentence like Ƙofa tana kusa da taga, you just interpret “the” or “a” from the situation.

Why is ƙofa considered feminine in Hausa? Is there a rule?

Hausa grammatical gender is partly predictable from endings, but many nouns must simply be learned as masculine or feminine.

• Ƙofa is one of the nouns that are lexically feminine – that is just how Hausa treats it.
• Other feminine nouns include mace (woman), hanya (road), mota (car).

There is no semantic reason that a door is “female”; it’s just a property of the word in Hausa grammar, affecting things like:

• which pronoun you use (ta / tana vs ya / yana),
• some agreement patterns.

So you memorize Ƙofa (feminine) and say Ƙofa tana ….

How would the sentence change if I wanted to say “The window is near the door” instead?

You would swap the subject and the object, and adjust the pronoun for the new subject’s gender:

• Taga tana kusa da ƙofa. – The window is near the door.

Here:

• Taga is also treated as feminine, so tana still fits:
  
  • Taga (fem.) – taga tana …

If the subject were masculine, you would change tana to yana, e.g.:

• Gida yana kusa da ƙofa. – The house is near the door.

How do you say the negative: “The door is not near the window”?

To negate this kind of sentence, Hausa usually uses ba … ba around the verb phrase. One natural way is:

• Ƙofa ba ta kusa da taga ba. – The door is not near the window.

Structure:

• Ƙofa – door (subject)
• ba ta … ba – negative frame around the feminine pronoun/verb area
• kusa da taga – near the window

You’ll see some variation in spoken Hausa (for example, ba tana kusa da taga ba in some styles), but Ƙofa ba ta kusa da taga ba is a clear and standard pattern for a learner.

How should I pronounce the letter ƙ in ƙofa? How is it different from k?

Hausa distinguishes k and ƙ:

• k – a plain voiceless “k” sound, like in English “coat”.
• ƙ – an ejective k, made with a kind of “popping” or glottalized release.

To pronounce ƙ:

1. Start as if you will say k.
2. At the same time, close your glottis (as if holding your breath).
3. Release the tongue and glottis together, producing a sharp, popping k.

So ƙofa starts with this stronger, ejective ƙ sound. The spelling difference is important, because in Hausa k and ƙ can distinguish meanings in some word pairs.