Saiwar da reshen suna girma.

Those -r and -n endings are part of Hausa noun morphology.

• saiwa → saiwar
• reshe → reshen

These are the determined/linked forms of the nouns. Very roughly, they often make the noun sound more specific or identifiable, somewhat like the root and the branch in English.

The endings also reflect grammatical gender:

• -r is common with feminine nouns
• -n is common with masculine nouns

So here:

• saiwa is feminine, so it becomes saiwar
• reshe is masculine, so it becomes reshen

Here da means and.

So saiwar da reshen means the root and the branch.

This is a very common Hausa word with several meanings, including:

• and
• with
• sometimes by/using

You have to tell from context. In this sentence, it is clearly joining two nouns, so and is the natural reading.

Because Hausa normally keeps a subject marker / agreement pronoun in the clause even when the full subject noun is already present.

So the structure is not just:

• Saiwar da reshen girma

Instead, Hausa says something like:

• Saiwar da reshen suna girma

That suna agrees with the subject and is a normal part of Hausa sentence structure. English usually does not repeat the subject this way, but Hausa often does.

Because the two singular nouns are joined together by da, so together they form a plural subject:

• the root and the branch = they

That is why Hausa uses suna, the 3rd person plural subject marker.

This is the same logic as English:

• The root is growing
• The branch is growing
• The root and the branch are growing

Here suna is the 3rd person plural imperfective subject marker. In simpler learner terms, it is the part that gives the meaning they are / they do.

So in this sentence:

• suna girma = they are growing or they grow, depending on context

It is not functioning here as the noun name or anything like that. Its job is grammatical: it shows who is doing the action and the imperfective aspect.

In this sentence, girma means grow / become big.

Depending on context, girma can relate to:

• growing
• becoming bigger
• being big/great

With plants or plant parts such as roots and branches, the most natural English meaning is usually grow or are growing.

So here, suna girma is best understood as are growing.

It is best thought of as imperfective rather than as one exact English tense.

Depending on context, suna girma can mean things like:

• they are growing
• they grow
• they are becoming bigger

In a sentence about roots and branches, English will often translate it as are growing, because that sounds most natural.

So the Hausa form is broader than one single English tense label.

Because Hausa does not build this kind of sentence the same way English does.

English says:

• The root and the branch are growing

Hausa uses:

• subject
• subject marker
• predicate

So suna girma already carries the meaning that English expresses with are growing. Hausa does not need a separate standalone word that works exactly like English are here.

You may hear bare noun forms in other contexts, but saiwar da reshen sounds more specific and is the more natural form if you are talking about identifiable root and branch.

So the difference is mainly about how determined/specific the nouns sound.

Very roughly:

• saiwa da reshe = root and branch, in a more bare or less specifically marked way
• saiwar da reshen = the root and the branch, or those specific ones

A learner should treat the version with -r and -n as the safer one here.

Yes. Grammatically, that is fine.

It would still mean the same basic thing, just with the nouns mentioned in the opposite order:

• Reshen da saiwar suna girma

The choice of order can depend on style, emphasis, or what has already been mentioned in the conversation.