Το έμβασμα έφτασε σήμερα.

Because έμβασμα is a neuter singular noun. In Modern Greek, nouns normally take a definite article when you mean the specific thing.

So:

• το = the for neuter singular
• έμβασμα = a neuter noun

Together, το έμβασμα means the transfer / the remittance.

Έμβασμα is a fairly common word in banking and financial contexts. It usually means:

• bank transfer
• wire transfer
• remittance

It is more specific and more formal than a very general word like money. So this sentence sounds like something you might see in a banking app, an email, or a message about a payment.

Έφτασε is the aorist form, specifically 3rd person singular of φτάνω or φθάνω, meaning to arrive / to reach.

Here it means:

• it arrived
• it came
• it reached its destination

So έφτασε is a simple past form.

Greek often uses the aorist where English might sometimes use either:

• arrived
• or has arrived

So:

• Το έμβασμα έφτασε σήμερα = the transfer arrived today
• Το έμβασμα έχει φτάσει = the transfer has arrived

The version with έφτασε simply reports the completed event. In many everyday situations, Greek prefers this straightforward past form.

The dictionary form is usually φτάνω. You may also see φθάνω, which is a more conservative spelling, but φτάνω is very common in everyday Modern Greek.

Useful forms:

• φτάνω = I arrive / I am arriving
• έφτασα = I arrived
• έφτασε = he/she/it arrived

In this sentence, the subject is το έμβασμα, so Greek uses the 3rd person singular form: έφτασε.

Because the subject, το έμβασμα, is singular.

Greek verbs agree with their subject in person and number. Since the transfer is a single thing, the verb is also singular:

• το έμβασμα έφτασε = the transfer arrived

If the subject were plural, the verb would be plural too.

It is in the nominative case, because it is the subject of the sentence.

A small detail that can confuse learners: for neuter singular, the article το looks the same in both the nominative and accusative. So you know the case here from the sentence structure and function, not from a different article form.

Yes. Greek word order is more flexible than English word order.

The sentence:

• Το έμβασμα έφτασε σήμερα

is a neutral, natural order.

But Greek could also say things like:

• Έφτασε σήμερα το έμβασμα
• Σήμερα έφτασε το έμβασμα

These versions are still grammatical, but the emphasis changes slightly. Greek often moves words around to highlight what is new, important, or contrastive.

No, it does not have to be at the end. Σήμερα means today, and Greek adverbs of time can move around fairly easily.

All of these are possible:

• Το έμβασμα έφτασε σήμερα
• Σήμερα το έμβασμα έφτασε
• Το έμβασμα σήμερα έφτασε

The first one sounds very natural and neutral. Putting σήμερα earlier can give it a little more emphasis.

Usually, no, not in a neutral sentence like this.

Greek uses the definite article much more regularly than English. If you are talking about a specific, known transfer, το is the normal choice:

• Το έμβασμα έφτασε σήμερα

If you mean a transfer rather than the transfer, you would normally say:

• Ένα έμβασμα έφτασε σήμερα = a transfer arrived today

Without any article at all, the sentence sounds less natural in ordinary usage.

Sometimes yes, but έφτασε is the better choice here.

• ήρθε = came
• έφτασε = arrived / reached

For a bank transfer, έφτασε sounds especially natural because it suggests that the transfer reached its destination. Ήρθε is possible in some contexts, but it is less precise for this kind of financial message.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

• Το = to
• έμβασμα = EM-va-zma
• έφτασε = EF-ta-se
• σήμερα = SI-me-ra

A few useful notes:

• The stress is shown by the accent mark: έμβασμα, έφτασε, σήμερα
• β sounds like v
• φτ sounds like ft

A rough full pronunciation is:

to EM-va-zma EF-ta-se SI-me-ra

It is mostly neutral, but the noun έμβασμα belongs to a somewhat financial / administrative register.

So the sentence sounds very normal in contexts like:

• a text from a bank
• a payment notification
• an email about a transfer
• a customer service message

It is not overly formal, but it is definitely tied to the language of money transfers rather than casual everyday conversation about just any object.