Το δείγμα είναι έτοιμο.

Το is the definite article, meaning the. It matches δείγμα because δείγμα is neuter singular.

So:

• το = the for a neuter singular noun
• δείγμα = a neuter singular noun

Greek articles change depending on gender, number, and case, so you cannot use just one form of the for every noun.

Δείγμα is neuter.

A very common clue is its ending: many neuter Greek nouns end in -μα, and δείγμα is one of them.

Examples of similar neuter nouns:

• το πράγμα
• το όνομα
• το γράμμα

Because δείγμα is neuter, both the article and the adjective must also be neuter:

• το δείγμα
• έτοιμο

Because it has to agree with δείγμα.

In Greek, adjectives agree with the noun they describe in:

• gender
• number
• case

Since δείγμα is neuter singular nominative, the adjective must also be neuter singular nominative:

• masculine: έτοιμος
• feminine: έτοιμη
• neuter: έτοιμο

So Το δείγμα είναι έτοιμο uses the correct neuter form.

Είναι is the present tense, 3rd person singular form of είμαι, which means to be.

Here it means is.

So:

• είμαι = I am
• είσαι = you are
• είναι = he/she/it is

In this sentence, it links the subject το δείγμα with the adjective έτοιμο, just like is does in English.

In a normal sentence like this, yes, you use it.

Greek usually does not drop the verb to be in standard statements like this. So:

• correct: Το δείγμα είναι έτοιμο.
• not standard as a full sentence: Το δείγμα έτοιμο.

You may see omission in:

• notes
• labels
• headlines
• very informal shorthand

But for normal grammar, keep είναι.

The most neutral order is:

Το δείγμα είναι έτοιμο.

But Greek word order is more flexible than English, because the endings give grammatical information.

You might also hear:

• Έτοιμο είναι το δείγμα.
• Το δείγμα έτοιμο είναι. (less neutral, more marked)

These alternatives can shift emphasis or sound more literary or dramatic. For everyday use, the original order is the safest and most natural.

A rough pronunciation is:

to THEEGH-ma EE-ne E-toi-mo

More carefully:

• Το = to
• δείγμα = THEE-ghma
  
  • δ sounds like th in this
  • ει sounds like ee
  • γ here is a soft throaty sound, not an English hard g
• είναι = EE-ne
• έτοιμο = E-ti-mo

The stressed syllables are:

• ΔΕΙγμα
• ΕΙναι
• Ετοιμο

The accent mark in Greek shows which syllable is stressed.

So:

• δείγμα is stressed on the first syllable
• έτοιμο is stressed on the first syllable
• είναι is stressed on the first syllable

Short words like το often appear without an accent mark.

For learners, Greek accents are important because they are part of standard spelling and help with pronunciation.

Yes, δείγμα can have a few related meanings depending on context.

Common meanings include:

• sample
• specimen
• example
• sign / indication in some contexts

So in a lab, business, or technical context, το δείγμα often means the sample or the specimen.

Not always. Έτοιμο can mean things like:

• ready
• prepared
• finished
• completed, depending on context

So Το δείγμα είναι έτοιμο could mean:

• the sample is ready
• the sample is prepared
• the sample is finished

The exact English wording depends on the situation.

The article and adjective would change to match the noun.

For example:

• Ο φάκελος είναι έτοιμος.
  masculine singular

• Η παραγγελία είναι έτοιμη.
  feminine singular

• Τα δείγματα είναι έτοιμα.
  neuter plural

Notice how both the article and the adjective change:

• το ... έτοιμο
• ο ... έτοιμος
• η ... έτοιμη
• τα ... έτοιμα

This agreement pattern is a very important part of Greek grammar.