Ψεκάζω το μόσχευμα με το ψεκαστήρι.

Because Greek often leaves out the subject pronoun when the verb ending already shows who is doing the action.

Ψεκάζω means I spray.
The ending -ω tells you it is 1st person singular.

So Greek usually says:

Ψεκάζω το μόσχευμα... = I spray the graft...

You could say Εγώ ψεκάζω..., but εγώ is normally added only for emphasis, contrast, or clarity.

Ψεκάζω is the present tense, 1st person singular, of the verb ψεκάζω = to spray.

So it can mean:

• I spray
• I am spraying

Like the Greek present tense in general, it can describe either:

• a current action, or
• a habitual/repeated action,

depending on context.

Because both μόσχευμα and ψεκαστήρι are neuter singular nouns.

So you get:

• το μόσχευμα
• το ψεκαστήρι

In Modern Greek, the definite article changes according to gender, number, and case.
For neuter singular, the article is το in both the nominative and accusative.

That is why both noun phrases use the same article here.

It is in the accusative case because it is the direct object of the verb ψεκάζω.

The action is being done to the graft:

• Ψεκάζω = I spray
• το μόσχευμα = the graft / transplant / scion

So το μόσχευμα is what receives the action.

A useful point: for many neuter singular nouns, the nominative and accusative forms are identical, so you do not see a visible change here.

Here με means with / using, and it introduces the instrument used to do the action:

• με το ψεκαστήρι = with the sprayer / using the sprayer

Yes, με very often means with, but its exact meaning depends on context. For example, it can express:

• accompaniment: με τη φίλη μου = with my friend
• instrument: με το ψεκαστήρι = with the sprayer
• manner in some expressions

In this sentence, it clearly means the tool used for spraying.

In Modern Greek, the preposition με takes the accusative.

So:

• με το ψεκαστήρι

is normal Modern Greek usage.

This can be confusing if you know Ancient Greek or languages where with uses another case. In Modern Greek, just remember:

με + accusative

No, Greek word order is fairly flexible.

The neutral, straightforward order here is:

Ψεκάζω το μόσχευμα με το ψεκαστήρι.

But other orders are possible, depending on emphasis, topic, or style, for example:

• Το μόσχευμα το ψεκάζω με το ψεκαστήρι.
• Με το ψεκαστήρι ψεκάζω το μόσχευμα.

Even though Greek allows flexibility, the original order is the most natural if you are simply stating the action plainly.

The letter Ψ ψ is pronounced ps, like the end of English lapse or tips, but here it comes at the beginning of the word.

So Ψεκάζω is approximately:

pseh-KA-zo

with the stress on κά.

English speakers sometimes want to drop the p and say just seh-, but in Greek the p sound is really there.

Μόσχευμα can have several related meanings depending on context.

Common possibilities include:

• graft in gardening/agriculture
• transplant
• grafted piece
• sometimes scion or similar horticultural material, depending on the exact situation

So the best English translation depends on the broader context. In a plant-care sentence like this, it most likely refers to a graft or grafted plant part.

Yes. Ψεκαστήρι is related to ψεκάζω.

• ψεκάζω = I spray
• ψεκαστήρι = sprayer / spray bottle / spraying device

The noun ψεκαστήρι is an instrument noun: it names the tool used for spraying.

So the sentence has a very transparent structure:

• verb: spray
• object: the graft
• instrument: with the sprayer

Greek uses the definite article quite often, and in this sentence it sounds natural to say:

• το μόσχευμα
• το ψεκαστήρι

This suggests a specific graft and a specific sprayer, or simply the expected item in the situation.

Could you omit the articles? Sometimes Greek can omit them, but in a basic sentence like this, leaving them out would usually sound less natural or would change the feel of the sentence. The version with the articles is the normal one.

It can mean either one.

The Greek present tense often covers both:

• an action happening now
• a habitual or repeated action

So without extra context, Ψεκάζω το μόσχευμα με το ψεκαστήρι could mean:

• I am spraying the graft with the sprayer
  or
• I spray the graft with the sprayer

Context tells you which one is intended.