Η γλάστρα έχει τρύπα αποστράγγισης.

Η is the feminine singular definite article, so here it means the.

• η γλάστρα = the flowerpot / the pot
• The noun γλάστρα is feminine, so it takes η in the nominative singular.

A quick comparison:

• η γλάστρα = the pot
• μια γλάστρα = a pot

In Greek, the indefinite article (a / an) is often left out, especially in simple descriptive sentences like this one.

So:

• Η γλάστρα έχει τρύπα αποστράγγισης.
  = The pot has a drainage hole.

You could also say:

• Η γλάστρα έχει μια τρύπα αποστράγγισης.

That also means The pot has a drainage hole, but μια makes the noun a little more explicitly indefinite, like a / one.

So the version without μια is very natural.

Because έχει is the form for he/she/it has, while έχω means I have.

The verb is έχω = to have.

Present tense forms:

• έχω = I have
• έχεις = you have
• έχει = he/she/it has

Since η γλάστρα (the pot) is a third-person singular subject, Greek uses έχει.

Γλάστρα means flowerpot, plant pot, or simply pot in the gardening sense.

It is:

• feminine
• singular
• nominative here, because it is the subject of the sentence

Basic forms:

• η γλάστρα = the pot
• οι γλάστρες = the pots

Τρύπα means hole.

In this sentence it is:

• singular
• feminine
• functioning as the object of έχει

So:

• η γλάστρα = the pot
• έχει = has
• τρύπα = hole

Greek often does not mark the direct object differently when the noun is feminine singular, so τρύπα looks the same as the dictionary form.

Because αποστράγγισης is the genitive singular form of αποστράγγιση (drainage).

This is a very common Greek pattern:

• noun + genitive noun

So:

• τρύπα αποστράγγισης literally = hole of drainage
• natural English = drainage hole

This is one of the main ways Greek links two nouns together when English would often use one noun like an adjective.

Compare:

• πόρτα σπιτιού = house door / the door of the house
• μπουκάλι νερού = bottle of water / water bottle
• τρύπα αποστράγγισης = drainage hole

Yes, it is a very natural and standard way to say drainage hole.

Greek often builds expressions like this with:

• a main noun first
• then a second noun in the genitive

So τρύπα αποστράγγισης is not strange or overly literal—it is exactly the kind of phrase Greek commonly uses.

You may also hear related expressions such as:

• τρύπες αποστράγγισης = drainage holes
• σύστημα αποστράγγισης = drainage system

A natural pronunciation is roughly:

ee GLA-stra EH-khee TREE-pa apo-STRA-nghee-sees

IPA: [i ˈɣlastra ˈeçi ˈtripa apostraˈɣisis]

A few pronunciation notes:

• γλ in γλάστρα starts with a soft Greek g sound, not an English hard g
• χ in έχει is like the h-like sound in German ich, not like English ch
• τρύπα is stressed on the first syllable: ΤΡΥπα
• αποστράγγισης is stressed on στράγ: apo-STRA-...

The accent marks show which syllable is stressed.

So:

• γλάστρα → stress on γλά
• έχει → stress on έ
• τρύπα → stress on τρύ
• αποστράγγισης → stress on στράγ

In Modern Greek, written accents are very important because they tell you how to pronounce the word correctly.

The sentence uses a very neutral, standard order:

• Η γλάστρα = subject
• έχει = verb
• τρύπα αποστράγγισης = object

So it follows the basic pattern:

Subject + Verb + Object

Greek word order is more flexible than English, but this version is the most straightforward and natural for a learner.

For example, moving things around can add emphasis, but the sentence as given is the safest neutral choice.

Yes. That is completely correct.

The difference is small:

• Η γλάστρα έχει τρύπα αποστράγγισης.
  = The pot has a drainage hole.
  Slightly more matter-of-fact.

• Η γλάστρα έχει μια τρύπα αποστράγγισης.
  = The pot has a drainage hole.
  Slightly more explicit, since μια means a / one.

Both are natural. The version without μια is very common in plain descriptions.

The dictionary forms are:

• γλάστρα = pot, flowerpot
• έχω = to have
• τρύπα = hole
• αποστράγγιση = drainage

In the sentence, you see:

• η γλάστρα → article + noun
• έχει → conjugated form of έχω
• τρύπα → same as dictionary form
• αποστράγγισης → genitive singular form of αποστράγγιση

A natural plural version would be:

Οι γλάστρες έχουν τρύπες αποστράγγισης.
= The pots have drainage holes.

Changes:

• Η → Οι = the (plural)
• γλάστρα → γλάστρες = pots
• έχει → έχουν = have
• τρύπα → τρύπες = holes
• αποστράγγισης stays singular in many such phrases, though you may also hear αποστραγγίσεων in more formal contexts

For everyday Greek, τρύπες αποστράγγισης is very natural.