Η μεταφύτευση αρχίζει: μεταφυτεύω το φυτό και κλαδεύω τον βλαστό.

A very literal breakdown is:

• Η μεταφύτευση αρχίζει = The transplanting / repotting begins
• μεταφυτεύω το φυτό = I transplant the plant
• και κλαδεύω τον βλαστό = and I prune the shoot/stem

So the sentence starts with a general statement, then after the colon it gives the actions being done.

Greek uses the definite article much more often than English does. That includes abstract nouns and action nouns like η μεταφύτευση.

So Greek naturally says:

• Η μεταφύτευση αρχίζει

where English may say either:

• The transplanting begins
• Transplanting begins

Both are fine in English, but Greek strongly prefers the article here.

They are related, but they are different parts of speech:

• η μεταφύτευση = a noun, the transplanting / the repotting
• μεταφυτεύω = a verb, I transplant / I repot

This is similar to English:

• transplanting / transplantation = noun
• I transplant = verb

So the sentence uses both the noun for the process and the verb for the actual action.

Because they have different subjects.

• Η μεταφύτευση αρχίζει
  Here the subject is η μεταφύτευση = the transplanting, which is singular, so the verb is αρχίζει = begins.

• μεταφυτεύω ... και κλαδεύω ...
  Here the implied subject is I, so the verbs are first person singular: I transplant, I prune.

This kind of switch is normal if the sentence first announces the process and then describes the speaker’s actions.

Because Greek usually does not need subject pronouns when the verb ending already shows the person.

The ending -ω tells you it is I:

• μεταφυτεύω = I transplant
• κλαδεύω = I prune

You could add εγώ for emphasis, but it is usually unnecessary:

• Εγώ μεταφυτεύω... = I am the one transplanting...

Without emphasis, Greek normally leaves εγώ out.

Because the nouns have different genders.

• το φυτό is neuter
• ο βλαστός is masculine

As direct objects, they appear in the accusative:

• neuter accusative: το φυτό
• masculine accusative: τον βλαστό

So the article changes to match the gender and case of the noun.

They are both in the accusative case because they are direct objects of the verbs.

• μεταφυτεύω το φυτό = I transplant the plant
• κλαδεύω τον βλαστό = I prune the shoot/stem

For learners, a useful thing to notice is:

• neuter nouns often look the same in nominative and accusative: το φυτό
• masculine nouns usually show the accusative more clearly: ο βλαστός → τον βλαστό

Yes. They are in the present tense.

In Greek, the present can be used for:

• a general action
• an action happening now
• a step in a process or demonstration

So depending on context, these can be understood as:

• I transplant ... and prune ...
• I am transplanting ... and pruning ...

Greek present tense often covers both ideas that English splits into simple present and present continuous.

No, not in this form. These are first-person present forms, not imperatives.

• μεταφυτεύω = I transplant
• κλαδεύω = I prune

If it were a direct command to one person, you would expect imperative forms such as:

• μεταφύτεψε
• κλάδεψε

So this sentence sounds more like a description of what the speaker does, or a step-by-step explanation, rather than an order.

The colon introduces what follows as the content or next stage of the process.

So:

• Η μεταφύτευση αρχίζει: = The transplanting begins:
• then the sentence explains how it begins: I transplant the plant and prune the shoot

It works much like English punctuation here.

No, Greek word order is more flexible than English word order, because case endings and articles help show what each word is doing.

The version here is the most neutral and straightforward:

• verb + object
  μεταφυτεύω το φυτό
• verb + object
  κλαδεύω τον βλαστό

You might see other orders for emphasis, but this one is the easiest and most standard for learners.

This is a very common Greek pronunciation point.

The letter combination ευ is pronounced:

• ev before a vowel or a voiced consonant
• ef before a voiceless consonant

So:

• μεταφυτεύω → ev sound, because ευ is followed by a vowel sound
• μεταφύτευση → ef sound, because ευ is followed by σ, a voiceless consonant

That is why the two related words sound slightly different even though they come from the same root.

A rough English-style guide is:

• Η = ee
• μεταφύτευση = me-ta-FEE-tef-see
• αρχίζει = ar-HEE-zee
  The χ sound is not exactly English h; it is a Greek throat/friction sound.
• μεταφυτεύω = me-ta-fee-TE-vo
• φυτό = fee-TO
• κλαδεύω = kla-the-VO
  The θ is like th in think
• βλαστό = vla-STO

Two extra pronunciation tips:

• β in Modern Greek sounds like English v
• the written accent mark shows which syllable is stressed