Η μεταφύτευση γίνεται την άνοιξη.

Η is the feminine singular definite article, equivalent to the.

• η μεταφύτευση = the transplanting / the transplantation
• The noun μεταφύτευση is feminine, so it takes η in the nominative singular.

In this sentence, η μεταφύτευση is the subject.

Μεταφύτευση is a noun. It refers to the act or process of transplanting, especially plants.

It is built from:

• μετα- = a prefix meaning something like re- / over / from one place to another
• a root related to planting
• the noun ending -υση, which often forms abstract nouns meaning an action or process

So it means something like transplanting or transplantation.

Grammatically:

• singular
• feminine
• nominative here, because it is the subject of γίνεται

Γίνεται is the 3rd person singular present form of γίνομαι.

Depending on context, γίνομαι can mean:

• become
• happen
• take place
• be done / occur

In this sentence, γίνεται means something like:

• takes place
• is done
• happens

So it is not literally only becomes here. Greek uses γίνομαι very often in this broader sense.

Because the subject, η μεταφύτευση, is singular.

• η μεταφύτευση = singular
• therefore γίνεται = singular

If the subject were plural, the verb would also be plural:

• Οι μεταφυτεύσεις γίνονται την άνοιξη.
• Transplantings / transplants are done in spring.

Because την άνοιξη is being used as a time expression, meaning in spring / during spring.

Greek often uses the accusative for expressions of time:

• την άνοιξη = in spring
• το καλοκαίρι = in summer
• τον χειμώνα = in winter

So although άνοιξη is a feminine noun whose dictionary form is η άνοιξη, in this sentence it appears in the accusative singular:

• nominative: η άνοιξη
• accusative: την άνοιξη

That is just a normal Greek pattern. Greek very often uses the definite article with seasons, times, and many other nouns in places where English would not.

So:

• την άνοιξη = in spring
• το καλοκαίρι = in summer
• τον χειμώνα = in winter

This does not sound unusually definite in Greek. It is simply the standard way to say it.

Usually, for the general meaning in spring, την άνοιξη is the most natural expression.

• την άνοιξη = the normal way to say in spring

Στην άνοιξη can exist, but it usually sounds less like a basic seasonal time expression and more like:

• a more literal in the spring
• or something tied to a specific context

For a learner, the safest choice for general statements is:

• Η μεταφύτευση γίνεται την άνοιξη.

It is not a straightforward passive form like English is transplanted. Instead, Greek uses γίνεται from γίνομαι, which often gives a meaning like:

• takes place
• happens
• is done

So the sentence is best understood as a general statement about when the process happens.

If Greek wanted a more clearly passive-style expression, other structures could be used, but γίνεται is very natural here.

The present tense here expresses a general truth, usual practice, or standard procedure.

So γίνεται does not mean only is happening right now. It can also mean:

• is done
• generally takes place
• normally happens

This is very similar to English present simple in sentences like:

• School starts in September.
• Olives ripen in autumn.

Yes. Greek word order is more flexible than English, because case endings and articles help show what each word is doing.

This sentence can be rearranged, for example:

• Την άνοιξη γίνεται η μεταφύτευση.

That version puts more emphasis on την άνοιξη.

The original:

• Η μεταφύτευση γίνεται την άνοιξη.

is neutral and natural.

A rough pronunciation guide:

• γίνεται ≈ YEE-neh-teh
• άνοιξη ≈ AH-noi-ksee

A few helpful points:

• γ before ι sounds like a soft sound, close to y in many learner-friendly approximations
• the stress matters:
  • ΓΙνεται? No
  • γίΝΕται? Also no
  • correct stress: ΓΙνεται? Actually the stress is on the first syllable: ΓΙνεται? More accurately: YEE-ne-teh
• άνοιξη has the stress on ά

If you want a more careful breakdown:

• η με-τα-φύ-τευ-ση γί-νε-ται την ά-νοι-ξη

In this sentence it behaves like an action/process noun: the transplanting.

Greek often uses nouns like this where English might use:

• a gerund: transplanting
• or a passive construction: is transplanted

So η μεταφύτευση γίνεται την άνοιξη is a very natural Greek way to talk about the process itself, rather than naming who does it.

Yes, most likely. Μεταφύτευση strongly suggests transplanting plants in ordinary usage.

In another context, it could theoretically refer to transplantation more generally, but in everyday language this sentence would normally be understood as talking about gardening or agriculture, especially because of την άνοιξη, which fits seasonal planting.