Εξάλλου, ο μάρτυρας περιμένει έξω.

Εξάλλου is a linking adverb. In this sentence, it usually means something like besides, after all, or anyway, depending on context.

It often adds a supporting point:

• Εξάλλου, ο μάρτυρας περιμένει έξω.
• Besides / After all, the witness is waiting outside.

So it is not part of the main clause grammar; it helps connect this sentence to what was said before.

Because Εξάλλου is being used as a sentence adverb or discourse marker at the beginning of the sentence. Greek often separates this kind of word with a comma, just as English often does with words like besides, after all, or however.

So:

• Εξάλλου, ο μάρτυρας περιμένει έξω.

is the natural written form.

Greek uses the definite article very often, much more than English does in some situations. Here ο μάρτυρας means the witness.

• ο = the (masculine singular nominative)
• μάρτυρας = witness

So:

• ο μάρτυρας = the witness

If you removed the article, the meaning would change or sound less natural in many contexts.

It is in the nominative case, because it is the subject of the verb.

Breakdown:

• ο = masculine singular nominative article
• μάρτυρας = nominative singular noun
• περιμένει = waits / is waiting

So ο μάρτυρας is the person doing the action.

Not necessarily in meaning, but in grammar this form is commonly treated with masculine article forms when it refers to a man:

• ο μάρτυρας = the male witness

For a female witness, Modern Greek often uses:

• η μάρτυρας = the female witness

So the noun μάρτυρας can refer to either sex, while the article shows the grammatical gender in the sentence.

Περιμένει is the 3rd person singular present tense of περιμένω (to wait).

So it means:

• he/she/it waits
• or, depending on context, he/she is waiting

Greek present tense can cover both the simple present and the present continuous idea that English often separates.

Examples:

• Ο μάρτυρας περιμένει. = The witness waits / is waiting.
• Περιμένω. = I wait / I am waiting.

Because Greek normally does not need subject pronouns when the verb ending already shows the person and number.

Here περιμένει already tells you the subject is:

• 3rd person singular = he/she/it

Since the noun ο μάρτυρας is already present, adding a pronoun would be unnecessary.

Greek is a pro-drop language, so subjects are often omitted unless needed for emphasis or contrast.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Greek present tense is broader than English:

• Ο μάρτυρας περιμένει έξω. can mean
• The witness waits outside or, more naturally in many contexts,
• The witness is waiting outside

English forces you to choose between simple and continuous more often than Greek does.

Έξω means outside. Here it functions as an adverb of place, telling you where the waiting happens.

So:

• περιμένει έξω = is waiting outside

It is not an adjective here; it modifies the verb.

Yes, but the meaning becomes more specific.

• έξω = outside
• έξω από + noun/place = outside of / outside

Examples:

• Ο μάρτυρας περιμένει έξω. = The witness is waiting outside.
• Ο μάρτυρας περιμένει έξω από το γραφείο. = The witness is waiting outside the office.

So έξω alone is fine when the location is already understood.

No, Greek word order is fairly flexible, although some orders sound more neutral than others.

The given sentence:

• Εξάλλου, ο μάρτυρας περιμένει έξω.

is a natural, neutral order.

You might also hear:

• Ο μάρτυρας περιμένει έξω.
• Έξω περιμένει ο μάρτυρας.
  This gives more emphasis to outside.

Because Greek uses case endings and verb forms, word order is often used for focus or emphasis, not just grammar.

Εξάλλου is pronounced roughly ek-SA-lou.

The stressed syllable is -ξάλ-.

In the full sentence, each word keeps its own written accent:

• Εξάλλου
• μάρτυρας
• περιμένει
• έξω

Greek accent marks show which syllable is stressed in each word. They are an important part of spelling and pronunciation.

The ending -ας is a common noun ending in Greek and often signals a masculine-pattern noun, but noun endings do not always map perfectly onto natural gender in the way an English speaker might expect.

Here μάρτυρας is a noun with this declension pattern. Its grammatical behavior matters more than the English idea of whether the person is male or female. That is why you can have:

• ο μάρτυρας = the male witness
• η μάρτυρας = the female witness

So the ending is part of the noun’s form, not a guarantee of biological sex.

It is mostly neutral, but Εξάλλου can sound a little more structured or argumentative than a very casual everyday connector.

The rest of the sentence is straightforward and natural:

• ο μάρτυρας περιμένει έξω

So the whole sentence could fit in:

• everyday speech,
• narration,
• legal or official context,
• written dialogue.

Because μάρτυρας is a word often used in legal or formal contexts, the sentence may also feel slightly formal depending on the situation.