Ο δικαιούχος αποζημίωσης έστειλε τα έγγραφα.

Ο is the definite article meaning the.

In this sentence, ο is:

• masculine
• singular
• nominative

That tells you that δικαιούχος is being treated as a masculine singular subject: the beneficiary / the person entitled.

Because δικαιούχος is the subject of the sentence, so it appears in the nominative case.

The article has to match the noun in:

• gender
• number
• case

So:

• ο δικαιούχος = masculine singular nominative

If the same noun were a direct object, the article would usually change:

• τον δικαιούχο

Αποζημίωσης is in the genitive singular.

Greek often uses the genitive to show a relationship like:

• of compensation
• for compensation
• related to compensation

So δικαιούχος αποζημίωσης literally means something like:

• beneficiary of compensation
• person entitled to compensation

This is a very common Greek pattern: noun + genitive noun.

For example:

• το βιβλίο του μαθητή = the student’s book
• αίτηση εργασίας = job application
• δικαιούχος αποζημίωσης = beneficiary of compensation

Because Greek does not always need an article in this kind of noun + genitive expression.

Here, αποζημίωσης functions almost like a defining label:

• δικαιούχος αποζημίωσης = compensation beneficiary / beneficiary of compensation

Adding an article would change the feel or specificity:

• της αποζημίωσης would mean of the compensation, referring to a specific compensation already known in context.

Without the article, it is more general or classificatory.

Έστειλε is the aorist tense, 3rd person singular, from στέλνω (to send).

So it means:

• he sent
• she sent
• it sent

In this sentence, it matches ο δικαιούχος, so:

• The beneficiary sent the documents.

The aorist usually expresses a completed action in the past.

This is because Greek verbs often change stem in the aorist.

Here is the pair:

• στέλνω = I send / I am sending
• έστειλα = I sent

So:

• έστειλε = he/she sent

There are two things to notice:

1. augment: the extra ε- at the beginning

   • common in past tenses in Greek

2. stem change:

   • στελ- becomes στειλ-

So this is not a fully regular, predictable form if you only know the present tense; it is something learners usually memorize with the verb.

Τα έγγραφα is the direct object, so it is in the accusative.

More specifically:

• τα = neuter plural article
• έγγραφα = neuter plural noun

So:

• τα έγγραφα = the documents

Because it is neuter plural, the form έγγραφα is the same in both nominative and accusative plural. The article and the sentence structure help you understand its role.

Because έγγραφα is a neuter plural noun.

The Greek definite article changes by gender, number, and case.

For the plural:

• οι = masculine/feminine nominative
• τους / τις = masculine/feminine accusative
• τα = neuter nominative/accusative

Since έγγραφα is neuter plural, the correct article here is τα.

Its singular is:

• το έγγραφο = the document

Its plural is:

• τα έγγραφα = the documents

Greek uses case endings and articles to show grammatical roles, so you do not have to rely only on word order.

In this sentence:

• ο δικαιούχος = subject, nominative = the one doing the action
• έστειλε = verb
• τα έγγραφα = direct object, accusative = the thing being sent

So:

• the beneficiary did the sending
• the documents were sent

This is one reason Greek word order can be more flexible than English.

Yes. Greek word order is relatively flexible because case marking helps show each word’s function.

The neutral order here is:

• Ο δικαιούχος αποζημίωσης έστειλε τα έγγραφα.

But you could also see:

• Τα έγγραφα έστειλε ο δικαιούχος αποζημίωσης.
• Έστειλε τα έγγραφα ο δικαιούχος αποζημίωσης.

These versions are not random; they change the focus or emphasis:

• starting with τα έγγραφα emphasizes the documents
• starting with έστειλε can sound more narrative or stylistic

English usually needs word order more strictly; Greek does not.

It is commonly used as a noun meaning:

• beneficiary
• eligible person
• person entitled

But it can also function adjectivally in some contexts, depending on style and usage.

In this sentence, it clearly works as a noun:

• ο δικαιούχος αποζημίωσης = the compensation beneficiary / the person entitled to compensation

This is a fairly formal or administrative word, often seen in:

• legal language
• official documents
• government forms
• insurance or benefits contexts

A useful mini-paradigm is:

• το έγγραφο = the document
• του εγγράφου = of the document
• το έγγραφο = the document (object)

Plural:

• τα έγγραφα = the documents
• των εγγράφων = of the documents
• τα έγγραφα = the documents (object)

This is a common neuter -ο noun pattern.

A natural pronunciation would be approximately:

• o thee-keh-OO-hos a-po-zee-MEE-o-sees ES-tee-le ta EGH-ra-fa

A few notes:

• δικαιούχος has the stress on -ού-
• αποζημίωσης has the stress on -μί-
• έστειλε has the stress on the first syllable
• έγγραφα has the stress on the first syllable

If you are reading it aloud, a natural rhythm is:

Ο δικαιούχος αποζημίωσης / έστειλε τα έγγραφα.

Yes. Greek finite verb forms in the past do not tell you gender here.

So έστειλε by itself can mean:

• he sent
• she sent
• it sent

The noun phrase tells you what the subject is. Since the sentence has ο δικαιούχος, the subject is grammatically masculine singular, so English will usually render it as:

• the beneficiary sent the documents or, if context requires,
• he sent the documents

But very often English just uses the noun and does not need a pronoun at all.