Είσαι ακόμα ξύπνιος;

A natural pronunciation is:

EE-seh a-KO-ma KSEE-pnee-os?

A more careful transliteration is:

Íse akóma xýpnios?

A few pronunciation notes:

• Είσαι = EE-seh
• ακόμα = a-KO-ma
• ξύπνιος begins with ξ, which sounds like ks
• The stress falls where the accent marks are: Εί-, -κό-, ξύ-

Είσαι means you are.

It is the 2nd person singular form of the verb είμαι (to be).

So:

• είμαι = I am
• είσαι = you are
• είναι = he/she/it is

In this sentence, είσαι is used because the speaker is talking to one person.

Greek often leaves out subject pronouns when they are not necessary.

So instead of saying You are still awake?, Greek can simply say:

• Είσαι ακόμα ξύπνιος;

The verb form είσαι already tells you the subject is you (singular).

If you want to add emphasis, you could say:

• Εσύ είσαι ακόμα ξύπνιος;

But normally εσύ is not needed.

Ακόμα here means still.

So the sentence literally works like:

• Are you still awake?

In this sentence, ακόμα comes before ξύπνιος, which is very natural.

Greek word order is somewhat flexible, but:

• Είσαι ακόμα ξύπνιος; = the standard, neutral way
• Ακόμα είσαι ξύπνιος; = also possible, with a slightly different emphasis, like You’re still awake?

Ξύπνιος is an adjective meaning awake.

It changes form to match the gender and number of the person being described.

Here it is masculine singular, so it is used when speaking to one male.

Common forms are:

• ξύπνιος = awake, masculine singular
• ξύπνια = awake, feminine singular
• ξύπνιο = awake, neuter singular
• ξύπνιοι / ξύπνιες / ξύπνια = plural forms

So if you are speaking to a man, ξύπνιος is correct.

You would say:

• Είσαι ακόμα ξύπνια;

The only change is the adjective:

• ξύπνιος → masculine
• ξύπνια → feminine

The verb είσαι stays the same because it still means you are for one person.

To more than one person, you use the plural form:

• Είστε ακόμα ξύπνιοι; = to a group of males or a mixed group
• Είστε ακόμα ξύπνιες; = to a group of females

Here:

• είστε = you are (plural)
• the adjective changes to match plural gender

So Greek agrees more clearly than English in this kind of sentence.

In Greek, the question mark is written as ;

So:

• Είσαι ακόμα ξύπνιος;

is a question, even though it looks unusual to an English speaker.

A Greek semicolon is actually written differently: ·

So remember:

• Greek ; = English ?

Yes, ακόμα and ακόμη both mean still or yet in many contexts.

In modern Greek:

• ακόμα is very common in everyday speech
• ακόμη is also correct and may sound a little more formal or careful depending on context

So you may also see:

• Είσαι ακόμη ξύπνιος;

That means the same thing.

Ξύπνιος is the normal adjective for awake when describing a person.

Examples:

• Είμαι ξύπνιος. = I am awake.
• Το παιδί είναι ξύπνιο. = The child is awake.

There is also the verb ξυπνάω / ξυπνώ, which means to wake up.

So compare:

• Είμαι ξύπνιος. = I am awake.
• Ξυπνάω. = I wake up / I am waking up.

That is the difference between the state and the action.

Yes. Greek often forms yes/no questions mainly through intonation and punctuation, not by changing word order the way English does.

English changes:

• You are still awake.
• Are you still awake?

Greek can keep the same basic order:

• Είσαι ακόμα ξύπνιος. = You are still awake.
• Είσαι ακόμα ξύπνιος; = Are you still awake?

The spoken intonation and the Greek question mark show that it is a question.