Η διαιτήτρια σφυρίζει στο ημίχρονο και όλοι πάνε για νερό.

Η is the feminine singular definite article, meaning the.

It is used because διαιτήτρια is a feminine noun, so Greek needs the feminine form of the here:

• η διαιτήτρια = the female referee

Greek articles change according to gender, number, and case.

διαιτήτρια means female referee.

The ending -τρια is a common feminine ending in Greek for some professions or roles. The masculine form here is:

• διαιτητής = male referee
• διαιτήτρια = female referee

So the sentence specifically tells you that the referee is a woman.

σφυρίζει is the 3rd person singular present form of the verb σφυρίζω.

So it means:

• he/she whistles
• in context, she blows the whistle

Because the subject is η διαιτήτρια, Greek uses the singular verb form.

Literally, σφυρίζω means to whistle.

But in sports contexts, η διαιτήτρια σφυρίζει naturally means the referee blows the whistle. Greek often uses the simple verb without needing to spell out the whistle.

So this is a very natural sports expression.

στο is a contraction of:

• σε
  • το → στο

This is extremely common in Greek.

So:

• σε το ημίχρονο = not how you normally say it
• στο ημίχρονο = the normal form

It means at halftime or in halftime, depending on context.

It is in the accusative case.

The preposition σε takes the accusative, and when σε combines with το, you get στο:

• το ημίχρονο = nominative / accusative singular
• στο ημίχρονο = at the halftime / at halftime

Neuter nouns like ημίχρονο often look the same in the nominative and accusative singular.

ημίχρονο means halftime or half-time.

It is made up of parts that literally suggest half + time, but as a learner the important thing is to understand it as the sports term halftime.

So στο ημίχρονο means:

• at halftime
• during halftime

depending on the situation.

Yes, όλοι literally means all, but it can also mean everyone depending on context.

In this sentence, όλοι means:

• everyone
• all of them

It refers to the people involved in the scene.

Also, Greek often uses the masculine plural form for mixed groups or for people in general, so όλοι is normal even if the group includes women.

πάνε and πηγαίνουν both mean they go / they are going.

• πηγαίνουν is the fuller form
• πάνε is a very common shorter everyday form

So in spoken and natural written Greek, πάνε is extremely normal.

You can think of them as equivalent here.

It is common and everyday, but not wrong or sloppy. You will hear and see it a lot.

In many contexts:

• πάνε sounds natural and conversational
• πηγαίνουν sounds a little fuller or more formal

Both are standard Greek.

για νερό means for water in a general sense, that is, to get some water.

Greek often leaves out the article when talking about something non-specific or uncountable in this kind of expression.

So:

• πάνε για νερό = they go for water / to get some water

If you said για το νερό, it would sound more like a specific, particular water already identified in the conversation.

Literally, yes, it is go for water, but idiomatically it means:

• go get water
• go for a drink of water

Greek uses για in many cases where English might use an infinitive such as to get.

So πάνε για νερό is a very natural Greek way to express that idea.

Greek often uses the present tense for actions happening now, for habitual actions, and for vivid narration.

In this sentence, the present gives an immediate, live-action feeling:

• The referee blows the whistle at halftime and everyone goes for water.

This is very natural in both Greek and English when describing what happens in a scene or routine.

No, Greek word order is fairly flexible, although this version is very natural.

This sentence has a straightforward order:

• subject: Η διαιτήτρια
• verb: σφυρίζει
• time phrase: στο ημίχρονο
• then a second clause: και όλοι πάνε για νερό

You could change the order for emphasis, but the given version is neutral and natural.

Greek usually does not need subject pronouns when the verb ending already shows the person and number.

So instead of saying:

• Η διαιτήτρια αυτή σφυρίζει or adding a separate she

Greek simply says:

• Η διαιτήτρια σφυρίζει

Once the subject is named, no extra pronoun is necessary.

You would change the noun and article to the masculine form:

• Ο διαιτητής σφυρίζει στο ημίχρονο και όλοι πάνε για νερό.

So:

• η διαιτήτρια = the female referee
• ο διαιτητής = the male referee

The rest of the sentence stays the same.