Δεν μου αρέσει το κρύο τον χειμώνα.

In Greek, αρέσω literally means “to be pleasing”, not “to like”.

• μου αρέσει το κρύο = the cold is pleasing to me
  – grammatical subject: το κρύο (the cold)
  – indirect object: μου (to me)

So the structure is reversed compared to English:

• English: I like the cold. (I = subject)
• Greek: The cold pleases me → μου αρέσει το κρύο
  (το κρύο = subject, μου = “to me”)

That’s why you don’t say αρέσω το κρύο; that would be ungrammatical.

μου is the unstressed (clitic) form of εγώ in the genitive case. In this construction it means “to me”:

• μου αρέσει = it pleases me / I like it
• Other persons:
  • σου αρέσει = you like (it)
  • του αρέσει = he/it likes
  • της αρέσει = she/it likes
  • μας αρέσει = we like
  • σας αρέσει = you (pl./polite) like
  • τους αρέσει = they like

So μου is needed to show who finds something pleasing.

Yes, Greek word order is quite flexible. All of these are possible:

• Δεν μου αρέσει το κρύο τον χειμώνα.
• Το κρύο δεν μου αρέσει τον χειμώνα.
• Τον χειμώνα δεν μου αρέσει το κρύο.

They all mean essentially the same thing. Changes in word order mainly affect emphasis, not basic meaning. For instance:

• Το κρύο δεν μου αρέσει τον χειμώνα.
  Slightly emphasizes το κρύο (“the cold is what I don’t like in winter”).

For general likes/dislikes about things, concepts, or types of weather, Greek normally uses the definite article:

• Μου αρέσει ο καφές. = I like coffee.
• Δεν μου αρέσει η ζέστη. = I don’t like the heat.
• Δεν μου αρέσει το κρύο. = I don’t like the cold.

Δεν μου αρέσει κρύο (without το) is either wrong or would sound like you’re saying “I don’t like (something) cold” in a very odd, incomplete way. For the general idea “the cold (as a thing)”, you need το κρύο.

Χειμώνας is a masculine noun:

• ο χειμώνας = nominative (subject form)
• τον χειμώνα = accusative

In time expressions that mean “in [a season / a part of the day / a year]”, Greek often uses the accusative with the definite article, without a preposition:

• τον χειμώνα = in (the) winter
• το καλοκαίρι = in (the) summer
• το βράδυ = in the evening
• την άνοιξη = in (the) spring

So τον χειμώνα here is an accusative time expression: “in winter”.

The -ς appears in the nominative singular (dictionary form):

• nominative: ο χειμώνας (subject)
• accusative: τον χειμώνα (object / time complement)

Your sentence uses τον χειμώνα (accusative), so the final -ς is dropped. This is a regular pattern for many masculine nouns ending in -ας / -ης:

• ο φίλος → τον φίλο
• ο δάσκαλος → τον δάσκαλο
• ο χειμώνας → τον χειμώνα

No, not in this meaning. For seasons, the natural, idiomatic form meaning “in winter” is τον χειμώνα (accusative alone, no preposition).

στον χειμώνα would usually sound incorrect in this context. Keep:

• τον χειμώνα = in winter
• το καλοκαίρι = in summer
• την άνοιξη = in (the) spring
• το φθινόπωρο = in (the) autumn

Greek has two negative particles:

• δεν (or δε before some consonants) → used with finite verbs (conjugated verbs):

  • Δεν μου αρέσει. = I don’t like it.
  • Δεν πάω. = I’m not going.

• μη / μην → used mostly with:

  • infinitive-like forms (subjunctive), e.g. να μην πάω
  • negative commands: Μη μιλάς. (“Don’t talk.”)
  • some fixed expressions

Your sentence has a normal, finite verb (αρέσει), so you must use δεν:

• Δεν μου αρέσει το κρύο τον χειμώνα. ✅
• Μη μου αρέσει το κρύο τον χειμώνα. ❌ (wrong)

Yes. In everyday speech and writing, μου often becomes μ’ in front of a vowel sound, through elision:

• Δεν μου αρέσει → Δεν μ’ αρέσει
• Δεν μου είπε → Δεν μ’ είπε

Both forms are correct. Δεν μου αρέσει is a bit more “full” and clear; Δεν μ’ αρέσει is very common in natural spoken Greek and informal writing.

Yes. Εμένα is the stressed form of “me” (accusative), used for emphasis or contrast:

• Δεν μου αρέσει το κρύο τον χειμώνα.
  = I don’t like the cold in winter. (neutral)
• Εμένα δεν μου αρέσει το κρύο τον χειμώνα.
  = I don’t like the cold in winter. (maybe others do, but I don’t)

Both are grammatically correct; the second just highlights you as opposed to someone else.