Η τελική ωρίμανση τελειώνει πριν από το χάραγμα.

The subject is Η τελική ωρίμανση.

• ωρίμανση = the noun
• η = the definite article the
• τελική = the adjective final

So the whole subject is the final maturation / the final ripening / the final proofing (depending on context).

Because the subject is singular, the verb is also singular: τελειώνει = ends.

Because ωρίμανση is a feminine singular noun in the nominative case.

That means the words agreeing with it must also be feminine singular nominative:

• η = feminine singular nominative the
• τελική = feminine singular nominative of τελικός (final)

Greek adjectives have to agree with the noun they describe in gender, number, and case.

Τελειώνει is the 3rd person singular present form of τελειώνω (to finish / to end).

It is 3rd person singular because the subject, η τελική ωρίμανση, is singular.

So:

• εγώ τελειώνω = I finish
• εσύ τελειώνεις = you finish
• αυτό/αυτή/αυτό τελειώνει = it ends / he/she ends

Here, ωρίμανση is grammatically feminine, but in English we normally translate it as it ends.

It can mean either, depending on context.

The Greek present tense often covers:

• a general statement: ends
• a process happening now: is ending
• a regular or scheduled event: ends

In this sentence, the most natural translation is usually ends, especially if it is describing a process or rule.

Yes. They are related to the idea of end / completion.

• τελική comes from τελικός = final
• τελειώνει comes from τελειώνω = to finish / to end

They are not the same word, but they belong to the same word family. So the sentence has a kind of repetition of the idea of final / end.

That may sound slightly repetitive in English, but in Greek it is perfectly possible.

Πριν από means before when it is followed by a noun phrase.

Here it is followed by το χάραγμα, which is a noun phrase, so πριν από is natural:

• πριν από το χάραγμα = before the scoring / before the marking / before the incision (depending on context)

A useful rule of thumb:

• πριν από + noun = before + noun
• πριν (να) + clause/verb idea = before + clause

For example:

• πριν από το μάθημα = before the lesson
• πριν φύγω = before I leave
• πριν να φύγω = before I leave

In standard careful Greek, πριν από το χάραγμα is the safer and more complete form.

In everyday speech, people sometimes shorten things, but for learners it is best to remember:

• πριν από + noun phrase

So in this sentence, πριν από το χάραγμα is the form you should expect and use.

It is in the accusative singular, because it follows πριν από.

However, with this noun, the form looks the same as the nominative:

• nominative: το χάραγμα
• accusative: το χάραγμα

That is very common with neuter nouns, especially ones ending in -μα.

So even though the form does not change, its grammatical role does.

Greek uses the definite article more often than English.

So το χάραγμα means the scoring / the marking / the incision, referring to a specific step or event.

In many contexts, Greek prefers the article where English might sometimes omit it. That is normal and something learners get used to over time.

Yes. Greek word order is more flexible than English because the endings help show what each word is doing.

The sentence as written is neutral and straightforward:

• Η τελική ωρίμανση τελειώνει πριν από το χάραγμα.

But you could also move the time phrase forward for emphasis:

• Πριν από το χάραγμα τελειώνει η τελική ωρίμανση.

That still means the same thing, but the emphasis shifts slightly toward before the scoring.

A rough English-style guide is:

ee te-lee-KEE o-REE-man-see te-lee-O-nee preen A-po to HA-ra-ghma

Stress falls on:

• τελική
• ωρίμανση
• τελειώνει
• χάραγμα

A few sound notes:

• χ in χάραγμα is not like English h. It is the rough sound heard in Scottish loch or German Bach.
• γ before μ here is a soft sound, not a hard English g.

Ωρίμανση is an abstract noun meaning something like maturation, ripening, or in some technical contexts proofing/maturing.

It is a feminine noun ending in -ση, which is a very common pattern in Greek for nouns that describe a process or action.

Other nouns of this type include:

• ανάπτυξη = development
• εκπαίδευση = education / training
• ωρίμανση = maturation / ripening

So in this sentence, it refers to a process rather than a person or object.

Yes. It is a complete and grammatical Greek sentence.

It sounds somewhat technical or process-oriented, because words like ωρίμανση, τελική, and χάραγμα are often used in specialized contexts such as food production, baking, agriculture, or other technical descriptions.

So grammatically it is straightforward, but stylistically it belongs more to an instructional or technical register than to casual conversation.