Τώρα που το υάλωμα είναι έτοιμο, ο αγγειοπλάστης βάζει το υάλωμα.

Here Τώρα που means now that.

• τώρα = now
• που can introduce a clause, and in this pattern it gives the sense of now that / once / seeing that

So:

• Τώρα που το υάλωμα είναι έτοιμο = Now that the glaze is ready

This is a very common Greek structure:

• Τώρα που τελείωσα, μπορώ να φύγω. = Now that I’ve finished, I can leave.

Yes, που is a very flexible word in Greek. One of its common jobs is to introduce a subordinate clause.

In this sentence, it links Τώρα to the full idea that follows:

• Τώρα που το υάλωμα είναι έτοιμο...

So it is not translating word-for-word as just one English word. It helps create the expression now that...

Greek often uses small linking words like που in ways that do not match English exactly.

It could, depending on context, but repeating the noun is completely natural.

The sentence says:

• το υάλωμα είναι έτοιμο
• ο αγγειοπλάστης βάζει το υάλωμα

In English, we might avoid repetition more often, but Greek is usually more comfortable repeating the noun for clarity.

If the context were very clear, Greek could use a pronoun instead:

• Τώρα που το υάλωμα είναι έτοιμο, ο αγγειοπλάστης το βάζει.
• Now that the glaze is ready, the potter applies it.

Both are possible. The repeated noun is not wrong or strange.

Good question. The noun does have different grammatical roles, but in neuter nouns like το υάλωμα, the nominative and accusative are often identical in form.

Here:

1. το υάλωμα είναι έτοιμο

   • το υάλωμα is the subject of είναι
   • so it is nominative

2. ο αγγειοπλάστης βάζει το υάλωμα

   • το υάλωμα is the direct object of βάζει
   • so it is accusative

Even though the case changes, the form stays the same:

• nominative neuter singular: το υάλωμα
• accusative neuter singular: το υάλωμα

That is very common in Greek.

Because έτοιμο has to agree with το υάλωμα, which is neuter singular.

Greek adjectives agree with the noun in:

• gender
• number
• case

So:

• ο ... → masculine → έτοιμος
• η ... → feminine → έτοιμη
• το ... → neuter → έτοιμο

Here the noun is:

• το υάλωμα = neuter singular

So the adjective must be:

• έτοιμο

Βάζει is the present tense of βάζω.

In Greek, the present tense often covers both:

• simple present: puts
• progressive present: is putting

So depending on context, βάζει can mean:

• puts
• is putting
• and in this context, more naturally, applies

That is because βάζω is a very broad verb. It often literally means put, but in real context it can also mean things like:

• put on
• place
• add
• apply

So here, with glaze, βάζει το υάλωμα is naturally understood as applies the glaze.

Because the sentence is describing a process as something happening in the present or as a general step in a sequence.

• είναι = is
• βάζει = puts / applies

This kind of present tense is very common when describing:

• instructions
• stages of a process
• habitual actions
• demonstrations

So the sentence works like a process description:

• Now that the glaze is ready, the potter applies the glaze.

Even if English might sometimes prefer something like has become ready or then applies, Greek present tense is perfectly natural here.

Ο αγγειοπλάστης is the subject of the main clause.

• ο = masculine singular definite article
• αγγειοπλάστης = potter

Since he is doing the action of βάζει, the noun is in the nominative case.

So:

• ο αγγειοπλάστης βάζει το υάλωμα
• the potter applies the glaze

This is a masculine noun ending in -ης, a very common pattern.

The given order is natural, but Greek word order is more flexible than English.

Current sentence:

• Τώρα που το υάλωμα είναι έτοιμο, ο αγγειοπλάστης βάζει το υάλωμα.

This is a clear, neutral order:

1. time/subordinate clause first
2. main clause after it

You could change the order for emphasis, for example:

• Ο αγγειοπλάστης βάζει το υάλωμα τώρα που το υάλωμα είναι έτοιμο.

That is still grammatical, but it may sound less neutral in a plain explanation. The original version is probably the most natural for a textbook or process description.

Greek uses the definite article more regularly than English does.

Here:

• το υάλωμα = the glaze
• ο αγγειοπλάστης = the potter

In English, sometimes we omit the in more general descriptions, but Greek often keeps it.

For example, Greek commonly says:

• ο δάσκαλος, ο γιατρός, ο εργάτης when talking about a person in a specific role in a given situation.

So the articles here are normal and expected.

Yes, a few useful points:

• Τώρα is pronounced roughly TO-ra
• υάλωμα has the stress on υά: YA-lo-ma
• έτοιμο has the stress on έ: E-toi-mo
• αγγειοπλάστης has the stress on πλά: a-ngye-o-PLA-stis

A few pronunciation notes:

• γγ in αγγειοπλάστης is pronounced like an ng sound
• αι is usually pronounced like e
• the accent mark shows which syllable is stressed

So αγγειοπλάστης is not pronounced exactly as it looks to an English speaker letter by letter; the stress and the γγ matter a lot.

Yes. Greek has more than one natural way to express this idea.

Depending on style and context, you might also see verbs closer to apply or spread. But βάζει is very common Greek and often sounds completely natural in practical descriptions.

For learners, the important point is this:

• βάζω often has a wider meaning than English put
• in context, it can mean apply

So even if the literal core meaning is put, you should not translate it too mechanically every time.