Die ledige Frau wohnt allein.

Because Frau is a feminine noun, and here it is the subject of the sentence, so it is in the nominative case.

• die Frau = the woman
• der Frau would usually be dative or genitive, depending on context

In Die ledige Frau wohnt allein, the woman is the one doing the action of wohnen, so die is correct.

Ledig means unmarried or single in the sense of not married.

So:

• die ledige Frau = the unmarried woman / the single woman

A useful nuance:

• ledig is a bit more formal or official-sounding than everyday English single
• You often see it on forms or in official language about marital status

Because ledig is being used as an adjective before a noun, and in German that adjective must take an ending.

Here we have:

• die = definite article
• Frau = feminine singular noun
• adjective before the noun: ledige

After die with a feminine singular noun in the nominative, the adjective usually ends in -e:

• die ledige Frau
• die alte Frau
• die nette Frau

So the -e is a normal adjective ending.

Because the subject is die Frau, which is third person singular: she lives.

The verb wohnen is the infinitive, meaning to live / to reside.
When conjugated:

• ich wohne
• du wohnst
• er/sie/es wohnt
• wir wohnen
• ihr wohnt
• sie/Sie wohnen

So:

• Die Frau wohnt = The woman lives

Yes. Wohnen usually means to live somewhere, in the sense of to reside.

So wohnt allein means lives alone.

A small nuance:

• wohnen often focuses on where or how someone lives
• leben can also mean to live, but it is broader and can refer to life in general

For this sentence, wohnt is very natural.

Allein means alone.

In this sentence:

• wohnt allein = lives alone

It describes how she lives.

Be careful not to confuse:

• allein = alone
• nur = only / just

Sometimes allein can mean only in other contexts, but here it clearly means alone.

Because German word order often places this kind of adverb naturally after the verb, especially in a simple statement like this.

The basic structure is:

• Die ledige Frau = subject
• wohnt = verb
• allein = adverb

German main clauses usually put the conjugated verb in second position. After that, other elements often follow.

So Die ledige Frau wohnt allein is a very normal sentence pattern.

Yes, absolutely.

• Die ledige Frau wohnt allein = The unmarried woman lives alone
• Die Frau ist ledig = The woman is unmarried

The difference is grammatical:

• ledige in die ledige Frau is an adjective before the noun, so it takes an ending
• ledig in Die Frau ist ledig comes after the verb sein, so it does not take an ending

This is a very common pattern in German:

• der alte Mann
• Der Mann ist alt

It is understandable and correct, but it can sound a bit formal, official, or administrative.

You often see it in:

• forms
• legal language
• official descriptions of marital status

In casual speech, people may more often say things like:

• Sie ist nicht verheiratet = She is not married
• Sie ist Single = She is single

Still, ledig is a useful and common word to know.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

Dee LEH-dih-guh frow vohnt ah-LINE

A few details:

• die sounds like English dee
• ledig has a soft ending: LEH-dig or LEH-dikh, depending on accent and pronunciation style
• Frau rhymes roughly with English cow
• wohnt has a long o sound
• allein is stressed on the second syllable: a-LINE

Yes, depending on context.

• Frau can mean woman
• it can also be part of a title, like Mrs. or Ms.
• in some contexts, especially older or literary ones, it can refer to a wife

In Die ledige Frau wohnt allein, it clearly means woman, because ledig means unmarried, so wife would not fit.

Yes: it follows the standard German pattern for a main clause.

German main clause structure is often described as:

• Position 1: one sentence element
• Position 2: the conjugated verb
• then the rest

Here:

• Die ledige Frau = position 1
• wohnt = position 2
• allein = rest of the sentence

That is one of the most basic and important German sentence patterns to learn.