Der Wein stammt aus Deutschland.

Because Wein is a masculine noun in German, so it takes the nominative singular article der.

• der Wein = the wine
• ein Wein = a wine

In German, grammatical gender is something you have to learn with each noun. It does not always match biological sex or make logical sense in English.

stammt is the 3rd person singular form of the verb stammen.

So:

• stammen = to originate, to come from
• stammt = originates / comes from

In this sentence, stammt aus means comes from in the sense of origin.

It is often used for:

• people and families: Er stammt aus Berlin.
• objects or products: Der Käse stammt aus Frankreich.
• historical things: Das Gebäude stammt aus dem 18. Jahrhundert.

Compared with kommt aus, stammt aus can sound a little more about true origin or provenance.

The preposition aus is commonly used to show origin or coming from inside a place.

So:

• aus Deutschland = from Germany
• aus Italien = from Italy
• aus dem Haus = out of / from the house

With countries and cities, aus is the normal choice when you mean where something or someone comes from.

Because von and aus are not usually interchangeable.

Use aus for:

• origin
• movement or source from inside a place
• where something is produced or comes from

Use von more often for:

• coming from a person: ein Brief von meiner Freundin
• from a surface or general source: vom Tisch
• some geographic expressions, especially with article words: vom Bahnhof, von der Küste

For a country of origin, aus Deutschland is the normal form.

Most country names in German are used without an article.

So you usually say:

• Deutschland
• Frankreich
• Italien
• Spanien

That is why the sentence is aus Deutschland, not aus dem Deutschland.

A few countries do take articles, for example:

• die Schweiz
• die Türkei
• die USA

Then the form changes because aus takes the dative:

• aus der Schweiz
• aus der Türkei
• aus den USA

Aus always takes the dative case.

In this sentence, you do not see a visible ending change on Deutschland, but the rule is still there.

You can see it more clearly in examples like:

• aus dem Haus
• aus der Stadt
• aus den Bergen

So in Der Wein stammt aus Deutschland, Deutschland is understood as following the preposition aus, which requires dative.

Because German main clauses normally follow the verb-second rule.

In Der Wein stammt aus Deutschland:

1. Der Wein = first element
2. stammt = verb in second position
3. aus Deutschland = rest of the sentence

This is a very important German word-order pattern.

For example:

• Der Wein stammt aus Deutschland.
• Heute stammt der Wein aus Deutschland.

Even when another element comes first, the finite verb still stays in second position.

Yes, absolutely.

• Der Wein kommt aus Deutschland = the wine comes from Germany
• Der Wein stammt aus Deutschland = the wine originates from Germany

Both are natural, but stammt aus can sound a bit more like origin/provenance, while kommt aus is often more general and everyday.

In many contexts, either one would be understood perfectly.

It is the 3rd person singular present tense of stammen.

The subject is der Wein, which is singular, so the verb must also be singular.

Conjugation:

• ich stamme
• du stammst
• er/sie/es stammt
• wir stammen
• ihr stammt
• sie/Sie stammen

So der Wein matches stammt.

Usually der Wein means the wine, so it sounds like a specific wine already known from context.

For example, someone may be talking about a bottle on the table:

• Der Wein stammt aus Deutschland.

If you wanted to talk more generally, German often still uses the singular in certain contexts, but another wording might be clearer depending on what you mean.

For example:

• Wein aus Deutschland ist beliebt.
• Deutscher Wein ist beliebt.

So in your sentence, the most natural interpretation is this/the wine comes from Germany.

stammt is pronounced roughly like shtammt.

A few helpful points:

• st at the beginning of a syllable in standard German is usually pronounced like sht
• the a is short
• the double mm does not mean you pronounce two separate m sounds; it mainly shows that the vowel before it is short
• the final t is clearly pronounced

So it sounds approximately like:

• Der = dehr
• Wein = vine
• stammt = shtammt
• aus = ows
• Deutschland = doych-lahnt

These are only rough English approximations, but they can help as a starting point.