Jede Jahreszeit hat andere Farben.

Because Jahreszeit is a feminine noun, and here it is the subject of the sentence, so it is in the nominative singular.

The feminine nominative form of jeder is jede:

• jeder for masculine
• jede for feminine
• jedes for neuter

So:

• jede Jahreszeit = every season

If it were a masculine noun, you would use jeder instead.

Because the subject is jede Jahreszeit, which is grammatically singular.

Even though jede means every, it refers to each individual season, one at a time. So German uses a singular verb:

• Jede Jahreszeit hat ... = Every season has ...

Compare:

• Die Jahreszeiten haben ... = The seasons have ...

So the difference is:

• jede Jahreszeit → singular → hat
• die Jahreszeiten → plural → haben

Because all nouns are capitalized in German.

So in this sentence:

• Jahreszeit is a noun
• Farben is also a noun

That is why both begin with capital letters.

This is a basic rule in German writing, unlike English, where common nouns are usually not capitalized.

Yes. Jahreszeit is a compound noun, which is very common in German.

It is built from:

• Jahr = year
• Zeit = time

Together, Jahreszeit means season.

The -es- in the middle is a linking element that often appears in German compounds:

• Jahr
  • Zeit → Jahreszeit

Because Farben is a plural direct object, and in this sentence andere takes the form that fits accusative plural with no article.

The verb haben takes a direct object, so Farben is in the accusative:

• hat Farben

In the plural, with no article like die or keine, the adjective-style word gets the ending -e:

• andere Farben = other/different colors

So:

• andere Farben is correct here
• anderen Farben would be dative plural, not right in this sentence

For example:

• mit anderen Farben = with other colors
  Here anderen is correct because mit takes the dative.

Because German usually has no indefinite article in the plural.

In English, we can say:

• other colors

German works similarly here:

• andere Farben

You would not normally say an equivalent of a other colors, because plural indefinite nouns do not use ein/eine.

You could add a definite article if you meant specific colors:

• die anderen Farben = the other colors

But here the sentence is general, so andere Farben sounds natural.

It can suggest both, depending on context.

In this sentence, andere Farben most naturally means:

• different colors
• or other colors

The idea is that one season does not have the same colors as another.

So a natural understanding is:

• spring, summer, autumn, and winter each have their own color palette

German andere often covers both other and different, and context tells you which shade of meaning is strongest.

Because the sentence is talking about multiple colors, not just one.

• Farben = colors
• Farbe = color

So:

• Jede Jahreszeit hat andere Farben. = each season has different colors

If you used the singular, the meaning would change:

• Jede Jahreszeit hat eine andere Farbe.
  = each season has a different color

That singular version is also grammatically correct, but it gives a narrower idea: one color per season.

Yes. This is a very normal subject–verb–object sentence:

• Jede Jahreszeit = subject
• hat = verb
• andere Farben = object

So the basic structure is:

• Subject + verb + object

This is one of the most common sentence patterns in German main clauses.

Yes, but it means something slightly different in emphasis.

• Jede Jahreszeit hat andere Farben.
  = Every season has different colors.
  This focuses on each season individually.

• Alle Jahreszeiten haben andere Farben.
  = All seasons have different colors.
  This focuses more on the group as a whole.

Both are possible, but jede Jahreszeit is often preferred when you want to stress that each single season is distinct.

A rough English-friendly guide is:

YAY-duh YAH-res-tsite haht AHN-duh-ruh FAHR-ben

A few helpful notes:

• J in German sounds like English y
• z in Jahreszeit sounds like ts
• ei sounds like English eye
• h in hat is pronounced
• r may sound softer or more back in the throat, depending on the speaker

A more careful breakdown:

• Jede → YAY-duh
• Jahreszeit → YAH-res-tsite
• hat → haht
• andere → AHN-duh-ruh
• Farben → FAHR-ben