Der Ausländer lernt Deutsch.

Because Ausländer is a masculine noun in German, so in the nominative singular it takes der.

In this sentence, der Ausländer is the subject, so the nominative article is used:

• der = masculine nominative singular
• die = feminine nominative singular / plural
• das = neuter nominative singular

So:

• der Ausländer = the foreigner / the male foreigner

The feminine form is die Ausländerin.

Here, der is the definite article, so it usually means the.

So der Ausländer literally means the foreigner.

It also tells you grammatical information:

• the noun is masculine
• the noun is singular
• the noun is the subject of the sentence

In beginner sentences like this, the article often helps you see the noun’s gender and role in the sentence.

Because all nouns are capitalized in German.

So in this sentence:

• Ausländer is capitalized because it is a noun
• Deutsch is also capitalized here because it refers to the German language, which functions as a noun in this sentence

This is one of the most noticeable spelling differences between English and German.

Because the verb has to match the subject.

The base form is lernen = to learn.
But the subject here is der Ausländer, which is third-person singular: he / she / it.

So the verb is conjugated as:

• ich lerne = I learn
• du lernst = you learn
• er / sie / es lernt = he / she / it learns

Since der Ausländer is equivalent to er, you get:

• Der Ausländer lernt Deutsch.

When German names a language after verbs like lernen, sprechen, or verstehen, it usually does not use an article.

So you say:

• Deutsch lernen = to learn German
• Deutsch sprechen = to speak German
• Deutsch verstehen = to understand German

Not normally:

• das Deutsch lernen in this meaning

So Deutsch here simply means German as a language.

Good question. deutsch is lowercase when it is an adjective, but Deutsch is capitalized when it is used as a noun.

Compare:

• die deutsche Sprache = the German language
  
  • here deutsche is an adjective, so it is lowercase
• Er lernt Deutsch. = He is learning German
  
  • here Deutsch is a noun referring to the language, so it is capitalized

So in your sentence, Deutsch is capitalized because it means the German language.

It is in the accusative, because it is the direct object of lernt.

The sentence breaks down like this:

• Der Ausländer = subject
• lernt = verb
• Deutsch = direct object

However, you do not see a special ending on Deutsch here, so nominative and accusative look the same.

If the object had an article, you might see the case more clearly. For example:

• Der Schüler lernt die Sprache.
  Here die Sprache is accusative.

So even though Deutsch has no article, its role is still that of the object.

Yes, in this simple sentence it is.

German main clauses usually put the conjugated verb in the second position, and that gives you:

• Der Ausländer = first element
• lernt = second element
• Deutsch = later in the sentence

So the structure is basically:

Subject + verb + object

That matches English here:

The foreigner learns German.

But German word order becomes more different in longer sentences, especially with adverbs, subordinate clauses, or multiple verbs.

A rough English-friendly guide is:

OWS-len-der

More carefully:

• Au in Aus- sounds a bit like ow in cow
• ä sounds somewhat like the vowel in bed, though not exactly
• stress is usually on the first syllable: AUSländer

A more phonetic approximation is:

AUS-len-der

Also note:

• the ä is an umlauted vowel
• the -er ending in standard German is often pronounced more like a soft uh sound than a strong English er

A rough guide is:

DOYCH

The eu sound in German is pronounced like oy in boy.

So:

• Deutsch ≈ doych

The final sch is like English sh, but because it comes after t, the whole ending tsch sounds like English ch in church.

So Deutsch is fairly close to:

doych

The umlaut changes the vowel sound.

Compare:

• a
• ä

In Ausländer, the ä is not pronounced like plain a. It shifts toward a sound somewhat like e in English bed.

For learners, the most important thing is:

• ä is a different vowel from a
• umlauts are not optional decoration
• changing or omitting them can change pronunciation and sometimes meaning

So Ausländer should not be pronounced as if it were written Auslander.

Not perfectly. It often translates as foreigner, but usage depends on context.

Things to know:

• In grammar books and beginner materials, it is often used as a straightforward vocabulary item.
• In real life, it can sound formal, bureaucratic, or sometimes a bit impersonal, depending on the situation.
• In legal or administrative contexts, it may refer to a foreign national rather than just “someone from another country.”

So it is a correct translation, but like many people-words, tone and context matter.

Yes. That would mean A foreigner is learning German or One foreigner learns German, depending on context.

Compare:

• Der Ausländer lernt Deutsch. = The foreigner learns German
• Ein Ausländer lernt Deutsch. = A foreigner learns German

So the difference is mainly:

• der = definite, a specific person
• ein = indefinite, not specifically identified

Both are grammatically correct.

The natural meaning is foreigner.

The noun Ausländer refers to a person from another country or a non-citizen, not just any man who is “foreign” in some vague sense.

Also, because the noun is grammatically masculine, it often refers specifically to a male foreigner unless the context uses masculine forms generically.

So in most beginner contexts, the best translation is:

The foreigner learns German
or
The male foreigner learns German

depending on how precise you want to be.