Breakdown of Vappuna menemme puistoon ystävien kanssa.
Questions & Answers about Vappuna menemme puistoon ystävien kanssa.
Vappuna is Vappu in the essive case (ending -na/-nä).
Finnish often uses the essive to express “on [a specific day / holiday]”:
- vappu → vappuna = on May Day
- maanantai → maanantaina = on Monday
- joulu → jouluna = at / on Christmas
So Vappuna menemme… literally means “On May Day we go…”.
Using plain Vappu (nominative) here would be ungrammatical in Finnish.
The essive case (ending -na / -nä) typically expresses:
Time:
- Vappuna – on May Day
- Päivällä is actually adessive; but syntymäpäivänäni – on my birthday
A role, state or capacity (often temporary):
- Olen opettajana. – I work as a teacher.
- Lapsena asuin maalla. – As a child, I lived in the countryside.
In Vappuna menemme…, the essive is used in its time-expression function: it answers “milloin?” (when?).
In Finnish, the personal ending on the verb shows the subject, so the pronoun is optional if it’s not being emphasized.
- Menemme puistoon. – We go to the park.
- -mme = “we”
- If you add me, you usually add emphasis or contrast:
- Me menemme puistoon, emme kotiin. – We are going to the park, not home.
So Vappuna menemme puistoon… is the normal, neutral way to say “On May Day we go…”, and me is simply dropped because it’s obvious from menemme.
Mennä (“to go”) is a type 3 verb. Its present tense stem is mene-, and then you add personal endings:
- minä menen – I go
- sinä menet – you (sg) go
- hän menee – he/she goes
- me menemme – we go
- te menette – you (pl) go
- he menevät – they go
So:
mennä → mene- (stem) + -mme (we-ending) = menemme.
It can mean both, depending on context.
Finnish does not have a separate future tense. The present tense often covers future meaning, especially when there is a time word:
- Huomenna menemme puistoon. – We are going / will go to the park tomorrow.
- Vappuna menemme puistoon. – On May Day we will go to the park.
So in this sentence, menemme is formally present tense, but it is naturally translated as “we will go” in English.
Puistoon is the illative case, which expresses movement into something (answering “mihin?” – into where?).
- puisto – park (basic form)
- puistoon – (go) into the park
- puistossa – (is) in the park (no movement, just location)
So:
- Menemme puistoon. – We go to / into the park.
- Olemme puistossa. – We are in the park.
Because the verb mennä expresses movement to somewhere, you need puistoon, not puistossa.
The case is illative (movement into), and for words ending in a single vowel like -o, you typically:
- Take the basic form: puisto
- Double the final vowel and add -n:
- puisto → puistoo + n → puistoon
Other examples:
- talo → taloon – into the house
- kylä → kylään – into the village
- koulu → kouluun – into the school
So puistoon literally corresponds to “(into) the park”.
Ystävät is nominative plural (“friends” as subject):
- Ystävät tulevat. – The friends are coming.
Ystävien is genitive plural (“of the friends”, “friends’”).
The postposition kanssa (“with”) always requires its noun to be in the genitive:
- ystävä + n + kanssa → ystävän kanssa – with a friend
- ystävä + ien + kanssa → ystävien kanssa – with (the) friends
So ystävien kanssa literally means “with (the) friends”, using the genitive plural because of kanssa.
Ystävien is genitive plural of ystävä (“friend”).
Formation (regular pattern for many -ä words):
- Base word: ystävä
- Add plural marker -i- → ystävä + i → ystävi-
- The vowel changes: ä + i → i, giving the stem ystävi-.
- Add genitive ending -en → ystävi + en = ystävien
So: ystävä → ystävien = “of (the) friends / friends’”.
Yes:
- ystävien kanssa – with (the) friends / with friends
- ystäviemme kanssa – with our friends
Explanation:
- ystäviemme = ystävä (friend)
- plural stem ystävi-
- possessive suffix -mme (“our”)
→ ystäviemme – “of our friends” / “our friends’”
Both are grammatically correct:
- Vappuna menemme puistoon ystävien kanssa. – On May Day we go to the park with friends / with (our) friends.
- Vappuna menemme puistoon ystäviemme kanssa. – On May Day we go to the park with our friends (explicitly “our”).
Kanssa is a postposition, not a preposition.
- In English: with friends – “with” comes before the noun.
- In Finnish: ystävien kanssa – “with” (kanssa) comes after the noun.
Postpositions like kanssa typically require the noun to be in a specific case; kanssa requires genitive:
- ystävän kanssa – with a (one) friend
- ystävien kanssa – with (the) friends
You cannot say *kanssa ystävien; the natural order is ystävien kanssa.
The word order is fairly flexible in Finnish, though changes affect emphasis.
All of these are grammatically correct:
- Vappuna menemme puistoon ystävien kanssa.
- Menemme vappuna puistoon ystävien kanssa.
- Vappuna menemme ystävien kanssa puistoon.
- Ystävien kanssa menemme vappuna puistoon.
Roughly:
- Putting Vappuna first emphasizes the time (“On May Day, we (as opposed to some other time) go…”).
- Putting Ystävien kanssa first emphasizes with whom.
But the original sentence is a very typical, natural order: [time] [verb] [place] [with whom].
Finnish simply does not have articles (“a/an”, “the”).
Definiteness and indefiniteness are usually clear from:
- Context
- Word order / stress
- Additional words, if needed (like eräs = “a certain”, se sometimes acting like “that / the” in spoken language)
So:
- Menemme puistoon. can be “We are going to a park” or “We are going to the park”, depending on the situation.
- ystävien kanssa can be “with friends” or “with the friends / our friends”.
The sentence relies on context, not on articles, to convey that nuance.