Turnaus on viikonloppuna.

The tournament is on the weekend.

Breakdown of Turnaus on viikonloppuna.

• olla: to be
• viikonloppuna: on the weekend
• turnaus: the tournament

Questions & Answers about Turnaus on viikonloppuna.

Why is there no word for the in Turnaus on viikonloppuna? How do you know it means the tournament and not a tournament?

Finnish has no articles at all – no the and no a/an. The bare noun turnaus can mean:

• a tournament
• the tournament
• sometimes even tournaments in a generic sense (though there are better ways to say that)

Which one is intended is decided by context, not by a word in the sentence.

So Turnaus on viikonloppuna might translate as:

• The tournament is on the weekend. (most natural in many contexts)
• A tournament is on the weekend. (if you are mentioning it for the first time)

You choose the English article according to what makes sense in the situation.

What exactly is on here? Is it present tense? Can it also mean the future?

On is the 3rd person singular present form of the verb olla (to be):

• olla = to be
• hän on = he/she is
• turnaus on = the tournament is

Finnish usually uses the present tense for both present and future meanings. So:

• Turnaus on viikonloppuna.
  can mean:
  • The tournament is on the weekend.
  • The tournament will be on the weekend.

You understand from context whether it’s about a scheduled future event (which it usually is here).

Why is it viikonloppuna and not just viikonloppu?

Viikonloppuna is viikonloppu in the essive case (the -na/-nä ending).

• viikonloppu = weekend (basic form)
• viikonloppu + na → viikonloppuna

The essive case is very common in time expressions to mean “on / at / during [a specific time]”:

• maanantaina = on Monday
• kesänä = in the summer (that summer)
• jouluna = at Christmas

So:

• Turnaus on viikonloppuna.
  literally: The tournament is (as) weekend, but idiomatically:
  The tournament is on the weekend.

What is viikonloppu made of? Why is it not just viikko + loppu?

Viikonloppu is a compound noun:

• viikko = week
• loppu = end
• viikonloppu = weekend

The first part is in the genitive: viikon (of the week):

• viikko → viikon (genitive)
• viikon + loppu → viikonloppu (literally “week’s end”)

So when you add the essive ending:

• viikonloppu + na → viikonloppuna = on the weekend

Why is it viikonloppuna and not something like viikonlopussa or viikonlopulla?

Finnish uses different cases for time expressions, and you mostly have to learn them as patterns. For “on a particular day / weekend / holiday”, the default is the essive case (-na/-nä):

• maanantaina – on Monday
• tiistaina – on Tuesday
• viikonloppuna – on the weekend
• jouluna – at Christmas

Forms like viikonlopussa or viikonlopulla are theoretically possible but unusual or sound odd here. They would literally mean something like “in / on the weekend (as a place)”, not “at that time”. For time, Finnish prefers -na/-nä with these words.

Could you say Turnaus on viikonloppu instead? What would that mean?

Turnaus on viikonloppuna and Turnaus on viikonloppu mean different things:

• Turnaus on viikonloppuna.
  = The tournament is on the weekend (time expression, essive case).

• Turnaus on viikonloppu.
  = The tournament is a weekend (equating the tournament with a weekend, as if the tournament itself lasts the whole weekend and you’re describing what it is).

The second sentence is grammatically fine but unusual in normal speech; it changes the meaning from “when it happens” to “what it is”. For scheduling, you want viikonloppuna.

Can I change the word order and say Viikonloppuna on turnaus? Does the meaning change?

Yes, you can:

• Turnaus on viikonloppuna.
• Viikonloppuna on turnaus.

Both can be translated “The tournament is on the weekend.”

The difference is emphasis:

• Turnaus on viikonloppuna. – neutral statement about the tournament’s time.
• Viikonloppuna on turnaus. – emphasizes the weekend; for example, in answer to:
  
  • Mitä tapahtuu viikonloppuna? – What’s happening on the weekend?
  • Viikonloppuna on turnaus. – There’s a tournament on the weekend.

So the basic meaning is the same; the focus shifts.

How do you say The tournaments are on the weekend?

You make turnaus plural and adjust the verb:

• Turnaus → turnaukset (plural nominative)
• on → ovat (3rd person plural of olla)

So:

• Turnaukset ovat viikonloppuna.
  = The tournaments are on the weekend.

How do you pronounce Turnaus on viikonloppuna? Where is the stress and how many syllables are there?

Pronunciation and syllable breakdown:

• Turnaus → tur-na-us (3 syllables)

  • stress on the first syllable: TUR-na-us
  • au is a diphthong: one quick a+u sound in the last syllable.

• on → on (1 syllable)

  • like English “on”, but shorter and pure vowel.

• viikonloppuna → vii-kon-lop-pu-na (5 syllables)

  • stress on the first syllable: VII-kon-lop-pu-na
  • ii is a long i (hold it longer: vii-)
  • double pp makes the p sound longer.

Overall rhythm (stresses in caps):
TUR-na-us on VII-kon-LOP-pu-na

How would you say The tournament is on weekends / on weekends in general (not just one specific weekend)?

For something that happens regularly on weekends, Finnish often uses a special adverbial form:

• viikonloppu → viikonloppuisin = on weekends, at weekends (habitually)

So you can say:

• Turnaus on viikonloppuisin.
  = The tournament is on weekends. / The tournament takes place on weekends (in general).

Compare:

• viikonloppuna – on the weekend (a particular one)
• viikonloppuisin – on weekends in general / usually