Sukka on märkä.

The sock is wet.

Breakdown of Sukka on märkä.

• olla: to be
• märkä: wet
• sukka: the sock

Questions & Answers about Sukka on märkä.

Why is there no word for “a” or “the” in the Finnish sentence?

Finnish does not use articles (like a or the in English). A bare noun such as sukka can mean “a sock,” “the sock,” or just “socks” in a general sense, depending on context and sentence structure.

What case is sukka in, and how can I tell?

Sukka is in the nominative singular case. In Finnish, the nominative singular is the dictionary form of a noun and has no extra ending (beyond the stem). It’s used for the subject of a sentence when you’re stating something simple and general.

Why does märkä end in -ä and not -a, and why isn’t it märkää?

1. Vowel harmony: The root märk- contains the front vowel ä, so the suffix also uses ä to agree with that vowel.
2. Case and agreement: As a predicate adjective describing a singular noun, märkä is in the nominative singular form, matching sukka. You only see -ää (the partitive) in contexts like “I see a sock is wet” (Näen sukkaa märkänä), but not here.

What is the role of on in this sentence?

On is the 3rd person singular present form of the verb olla (“to be”). So sukka on märkä literally means “sock is wet.”

Can I change the word order? For instance, could I say Märkä sukka on or On märkä sukka?

Finnish word order is relatively flexible, but the neutral, most common order for a simple clause is Subject–Verb–Complement (SVO).

• Märkä sukka on sounds like an incomplete phrase (you’d expect more information).
• On märkä sukka puts extra emphasis on on, as if answering a question (“Is a sock wet?” → “It is a sock that’s wet”).
  For a straightforward statement, stick with Sukka on märkä.

How would I say “The socks are wet” (plural)?

You pluralize both the noun and the adjective and change the verb to plural as well:
Sukat ovat märät

• sukat = socks (nominative plural)
• ovat = are (3rd person plural of olla)
• märät = wet (nominative plural)

How do I pronounce ä versus a in Finnish?

• a is pronounced like the “a” in English father.
• ä is pronounced like the “a” in English cat, but held slightly longer and clearer.
  They are distinct phonemes, so sukka [ˈsukːa] and sukka (with ä, if it existed) would be a different word.

If I want to intensify “wet,” how do I say “very wet sock”?

You can insert an adverb like todella or ihan before märkä. As an attributive adjective you put it before the noun:
todella märkä sukka – “a really wet sock.”
If you keep the predicate structure:
Sukka on todella märkä.