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Questions & Answers about Auto on kaupan ulkopuolella.
Why is auto in the nominative case and not in the partitive?
Because auto is the subject of the sentence. In Finnish, subjects are in the nominative case. The partitive would only be used if the verb required it (e.g. expressing incomplete action, quantities, etc.), which olla (“to be”) does not.
What does on mean here?
on is the 3rd person singular form of the verb olla (“to be”). It works just like English “is,” linking the subject (auto) to its location (here, “outside the shop”).
Why is kaupan in the genitive case?
The locative expression ulkopuolella (“outside of”) is actually a postposition that requires its complement (the thing you’re outside of) to be in the genitive. So kauppa (“shop”) becomes kaupan.
How is ulkopuolella formed, and what case does it represent?
It’s built from ulko- (“outside”) + puoli (“side”) + the adessive case ending -lla (meaning “on”). Literally it’s “on the outside side of,” functionally “outside of.”
Can I use ulkona instead of ulkopuolella?
ulkona is an adverb meaning simply “outside.” You can say Auto on ulkona (“The car is outside”), but to specify “outside the shop,” you need the postpositional phrase kaupan ulkopuolella.
What’s the difference between edessä and ulkopuolella?
edessä means “in front of” (on the front side of something). ulkopuolella means “outside of” (outside the boundary of something).
Is the word order fixed as Auto on kaupan ulkopuolella?
No. Finnish word order is flexible. The neutral order is Subject–Verb–Place, but you can say Kaupan ulkopuolella on auto to put extra focus on the location.