Minä aion hyväksyä ehdotuksen huomenna.

Breakdown of Minä aion hyväksyä ehdotuksen huomenna.

minä
I
huomenna
tomorrow
aikoa
to plan
ehdotus
the suggestion
hyväksyä
to accept
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Questions & Answers about Minä aion hyväksyä ehdotuksen huomenna.

What does aion mean here and how is aikoa conjugated?

aion is the 1st person singular present tense of aikoa, which means to intend or to plan. It literally says “I intend (to)…,” and since Finnish has no separate future tense, we often use aion plus an infinitive to show future intention.
Conjugation of aikoa in the present tense:
minä aion – I intend
sinä aiot – you intend
hän aikoo – he/she intends
me aiomme – we intend
te aiotte – you (pl./formal) intend
he aikovat – they intend
After aion, the main verb is in its first infinitive form, here hyväksyä.

Why is minä included when the verb ending already shows the subject?

In Finnish, subject pronouns are optional because verb endings alone indicate person and number. You add minä only for emphasis, contrast or extra clarity. In everyday speech you’d typically drop it:
Aion hyväksyä ehdotuksen huomenna.

Why is ehdotus marked with an -n ending (ehdotuksen)?
Because hyväksyä is a transitive verb describing a complete action, its object takes the accusative/genitive singular (ending -n): ehdotuksen. Use the partitive (ehdotusta) only when the action is incomplete, ongoing, or refers to part of something.
What kind of word is huomenna, and what “case” is it?
Huomenna is an adverb of time meaning tomorrow. It isn’t formed by a standard noun case but is one of Finnish’s special time-adverbs (many end in -na/-nä, e.g. eilen, tänään). You treat it like any other adverb in the sentence.
Can I move huomenna to the beginning of the sentence, and how flexible is Finnish word order?

Yes. Finnish word order is quite flexible, especially with adverbials. You can say:
Huomenna aion hyväksyä ehdotuksen.
This places emphasis on huomenna. In more neutral style the pattern Adverb – Subject – Verb – Object is common, but you can rearrange elements to shift focus.

How do you generally express future actions in Finnish since there is no true future tense?

You normally use the present tense combined with:
Time adverbials (e.g. huomenna, ensi viikolla) to mark when something will happen
• Auxiliary verbs like aikoa (to intend) or the construction tulla + −maan/−mään (lit. “come to do”) for planned or imminent actions
There is no separate future verb form—context and these tools convey futurity.