Nasa kaliwa ng bintana ang paso.

Nasa means something like is in / is at / is on / is located at, depending on context.

In this sentence, nasa kaliwa ng bintana means is to the left of the window.

A useful thing to know is that nasa historically comes from na + sa, but in modern Filipino it is very commonly written as one word when it means location.

Because Filipino very often puts the predicate first.

So instead of following the English pattern:

• The flowerpot is to the left of the window

Filipino often uses:

• To the left of the window is the flowerpot

That is why:

• Nasa kaliwa ng bintana = the predicate/location
• ang paso = the topic, the thing being talked about

This word order is very normal in Filipino.

Ang marks the topic of the sentence.

In many simple sentences like this one, the ang-marked noun is often the thing that feels most like the English subject, although it is better to think of it as the topic/focus noun.

So in:

• Nasa kaliwa ng bintana ang paso

the sentence is talking about the flowerpot, and ang marks that.

Because bintana is not the main topic of the sentence. It is part of the expression telling you the flowerpot’s location.

In the pattern:

• kaliwa ng X = left of X
• kanan ng X = right of X

the noun after kaliwa or kanan is introduced by ng.

So:

• kaliwa ng bintana = left of the window
• kanan ng pinto = right of the door

Here, ng links bintana to kaliwa.

Not in the same way as in English.

Filipino often does not need a separate verb like is/are in simple equational or descriptive sentences. In a sentence like this, the locational expression itself works as the predicate.

So:

• Nasa kaliwa ng bintana ang paso

already means The flowerpot is to the left of the window, even though there is no separate word exactly matching English is.

Yes. That is also correct.

You have two common ways to say it:

• Nasa kaliwa ng bintana ang paso
• Ang paso ay nasa kaliwa ng bintana

The difference is mostly about structure and emphasis:

• Nasa kaliwa ng bintana ang paso is the more predicate-first pattern.
• Ang paso ay nasa kaliwa ng bintana starts with the topic, more like English word order.

Both are natural, though the first one is very common in everyday Filipino.

Kaliwa means left or left side.

In this sentence, it is part of a location phrase:

• kaliwa ng bintana = left of the window

You will often see it in similar expressions:

• sa kaliwa = on the left
• nasa kaliwa = is on the left
• kaliwa ng mesa = left of the table

So kaliwa behaves a bit like a direction word and a noun for a side/location.

Both are possible, but they do different jobs.

• sa kaliwa = on the left / to the left
  This is just a prepositional phrase.
• nasa kaliwa = is on the left / is to the left
  This works as a full locational predicate.

So if you want a complete sentence saying where something is, nasa is very useful:

• Nasa kaliwa ang paso = The flowerpot is on the left

If you are just giving a location phrase by itself, sa kaliwa is enough.

Not necessarily.

Kaliwa ng bintana means it is to the left of the window, but it does not automatically mean right beside it.

If you want to say next to/beside the window, you would more likely use something like:

• katabi ng bintana = beside the window
• sa tabi ng bintana = at the side of / beside the window

So kaliwa ng bintana is about relative position, not necessarily closeness.

Not always. Paso can have more than one meaning in Filipino, depending on context.

But in this sentence, with a window and a location, paso is naturally understood as flowerpot.

So learners should remember that context often tells you which meaning is intended.

Yes, it is completely natural.

A Filipino speaker would easily understand:

• Nasa kaliwa ng bintana ang paso.

It is a very normal kind of sentence for describing where something is. It also shows a very common Filipino pattern:

• location/predicate first
• then ang + thing being located

That makes it a good model sentence to learn from.