Learn Hardcore Filipino: Ang dadalhin mong payong ay nasa pinto. - The umbrella that you will bring is by the door.

Formal/inverted: Ang dadalhin mong payong ay nasa pinto.
More common in speech: Nasa pinto ang dadalhin mong payong. Both mean the same thing; the second is the everyday order (predicate first).

What exactly is the form dadalhin?

It’s the future/intentive object-focus form of the root dala (“to bring”).

Infinitive/object-focus: dalhin (“to bring [it]”)
Future: dadalhín (“will bring [it]”)
Past: dinalá (“brought [it]”)
Present/progressive: dinadalá (“is bringing [it]”)
Imperative: dalhín (mo) (“bring [it]”)

Object-focus means the thing being brought is in focus (and can be the ang-phrase), which fits this sentence.

What does mong mean and why is it attached like that?

mong is mo (“you,” genitive form) plus the linker -ng. In an object-focus clause like dadalhin mo, mo marks the actor (“by you”). When you use that clause to modify a noun, you add the linker:

Modifier clause + linker + head noun: dadalhin mo + -ng + payong → dadalhin mong payong = “umbrella that you will bring.”

Why not just say payong mo for “your umbrella”?

Because payong mo means “your umbrella” (possessive), while dadalhin mong payong means “the umbrella that you will bring.” It might or might not be yours; it’s defined by the action, not ownership.

Can I use na instead of the linker -ng here?

Yes, you can shift the relative clause after the noun and use na:

Ang payong na dadalhin mo ay nasa pinto. This is very common and fully equivalent in meaning to Ang dadalhin mong payong ay nasa pinto.

Why use dalhin (object-focus) instead of magdala (actor-focus)?

dalhin highlights the thing: dalhin mo ang payong (“bring the umbrella”).
magdala highlights the actor: magdala ka ng payong (“bring an umbrella”). Your sentence needs the umbrella as the topic, so object-focus fits naturally: Ang payong na dadalhin mo …

What does nasa mean, and how is it different from sa?

nasa is a predicate that means “is/are at/in/on” and takes a sa-phrase:

nasa pinto = “at the door.” You don’t say “ay sa pinto” by itself; use nasa:
Correct: Nasa pinto ang payong.
Also possible with deictics: Nandiyan sa pinto (“It’s right there at the door”), Nandoon sa pinto (“over there at the door”).

Is there a nuance difference between pinto and pintuan?

Yes:

pintô = the door (panel) or the door as an object.
pintuán = the doorway/entrance area; can feel more like “doorway” or “door area.” So nasa pinto is “at the door,” while nasa pintuan suggests “at the doorway/entrance.”

What alternative word orders are natural?

All of these are fine:

Neutral/predicate-first: Nasa pinto ang dadalhin mong payong.
Inverted/formal: Ang dadalhin mong payong ay nasa pinto.
Colloquial equivalent using yung: Yung dadalhin mong payong ay nasa pinto.

How do I make this a yes–no question with ba?

Place enclitic ba after the first prosodic word:

Predicate-first: Nasa pinto ba ang dadalhin mong payong?
With inversion: Ang dadalhin mong payong ba ay nasa pinto?

How do I negate it correctly?

Use wala for “is not (located)”:

Wala sa pinto ang dadalhin mong payong. You generally don’t say Hindi nasa pinto … to negate location; use wala instead. You can use hindi if you contrast predicates: Hindi nasa pinto; nasa sala.

How do I say it in the past or present progressive?

Past: Ang dinala mong payong ay nasa pinto. (“The umbrella you brought is at the door.”)
Present/progressive: Ang dinadala mong payong ay nasa pinto. (Used when contextually “the one you’re in the process of bringing” is located there.)

How do I make it plural (“umbrellas”)?

Use mga:

Most natural: Ang mga payong na dadalhin mo ay nasa pinto.
Predicate-first: Nasa pinto ang mga payong na dadalhin mo. You’ll also hear Ang dadalhin mong mga payong …, which is grammatical but less common than putting mga with the head noun after na.

What if I need polite/plural “you”?

Use ninyo (genitive plural/polite) and add the linker:

Ang dadalhin ninyong payong ay nasa pinto. With politeness marker: Nasa pinto po ang dadalhin ninyong payong.

Any pronunciation tips for tricky parts?

dadalhín: stress the last syllable (hin). The sequence lh spans syllables: da-dal-hin.
payóng: stress on “yong.”
pintô: final stress with a glottal stop at the end.
nása: stress on “na.” Also, word-final ng is the velar nasal [ŋ], as in “sing.”

Is the -ng in mong the same as the case marker ng?

They’re spelled the same but are different:

In mong, -ng is the linker that connects a modifier to a noun.
The case marker ng (pronounced “nang”) marks non-topic nouns/genitives. It does not appear as a separate word in your sentence; only the linker -ng is present.