Huminto ang kotse sa kalsada.

The car stopped on the street.

Breakdown of Huminto ang kotse sa kalsada.

• sa: on
• kalsada: the street
• huminto: to stop
• kotse: the car

Questions & Answers about Huminto ang kotse sa kalsada.

What does ang do in this sentence?

ang marks the sentence pivot (often the subject/topic). With an -um- verb like huminto, the pivot is the actor, so ang kotse is “the car” as the thing that did the stopping.

Why is it ang kotse and not ng kotse?

With actor-focus -um- verbs, the actor appears in the ang phrase. ng marks non-pivot nouns (like objects or agents in other voices). Compare:

• Huminto ang kotse. = The car stopped. (actor pivot)
• Itinigil ng drayber ang kotse. = The driver stopped the car. (patient pivot; agent marked by ng)

What does sa mark here?

sa marks the location where the action happens. sa kalsada means “on/in the road” (or “on the street”), functioning as a locative phrase.

Can I use nasa instead of sa?

Use sa with an action verb to indicate where the action occurs: Huminto ang kotse sa kalsada.
Use nasa when the location itself is the predicate: Nasa kalsada ang kotse. = “The car is on the road.”

What is the verb focus/voice and form of huminto?

huminto uses the -um- infix, which is actor-focus. It’s intransitive (no direct object). In this sentence, it’s in the completed/perfective aspect.

How do I say it in present/imperfective or future?

• Completed: huminto (stopped)
• Imperfective: humihinto (is stopping / stops habitually)
• Contemplated/Future: hihinto (will stop)
  Examples: Humihinto ang kotse sa kalsada. / Hihinto ang kotse sa kalsada.

What’s the difference between huminto and tumigil?

They’re near-synonyms meaning “to stop” and are often interchangeable. Many speakers use huminto more for motion/vehicles and tumigil broadly (including stopping an activity). Both are fine: Tumigil/Huminto ang kotse sa kalsada.

How do I turn this into a yes/no question?

Insert the particle ba after the first word: Huminto ba ang kotse sa kalsada?
Short answers: Oo, huminto. / Hindi, hindi huminto.

How do I negate it?

Use hindi before the verb: Hindi huminto ang kotse sa kalsada.
For “not yet,” use hindi pa with the imperfective: Hindi pa humihinto ang kotse.

How do particles like na, pa, lang, muna, po change the meaning?

• na = already: Huminto na ang kotse sa kalsada.
• pa = still/yet/even: Humihinto pa ang kotse. / Huminto pa ang kotse… (even ended up stopping)
• lang = just/only: Huminto lang ang kotse sa kalsada.
• muna = for now/for a while: Huminto muna ang kotse.
• po = politeness: Huminto po ang kotse… (polite)
  Enclitics like ba/na/pa/po typically appear after the first word: Huminto na po ba ang kotse?

Can I rearrange the word order?

Yes. Verb-initial is neutral, but other orders are fine:

• Huminto ang kotse sa kalsada. (neutral)
• Ang kotse ay huminto sa kalsada. (more formal)
• Sa kalsada huminto ang kotse. (focus on location)

How do I make “car” plural?

Add mga to the ang phrase: Huminto ang mga kotse sa kalsada. = “The cars stopped on the road.”

How do I add an adjective like “red car”?

Use the linker -ng/na between adjective and noun:

• Vowel-ending adjective + -ng: pula → pulang kotse
• Consonant-ending adjective + na: itim → itim na kotse
  Example: Huminto ang pulang kotse sa kalsada.

Is sa kalsada definite (“the road”) or indefinite (“a road”)? How can I be more specific?

sa kalsada is contextually ambiguous. To be explicit:

• Indefinite: sa isang kalsada (on a road)
• Specific: sa kalsadang iyon (on that road), sa kalsada ng … (on the road of …)
• More detail: sa gitna ng kalsada (in the middle), sa gilid ng kalsada (by the roadside)

How would I say a transitive version like “The driver stopped the car on the road”?

Use a patient-focus verb and mark the agent with ng: Itinigil ng drayber ang kotse sa kalsada.

How do I pronounce huminto?

hoo-min-TOH, with stress on the last syllable (-to).