Patay ang halaman.

In Filipino, it is very common for the predicate to come first.

So in Patay ang halaman, the structure is basically:

• patay = dead
• ang halaman = the plant / the plant as the topic

A natural English-like rearrangement would be The plant is dead, but Filipino often says it in the order Dead the plant.

This is normal and very common in simple Filipino sentences.

There is no separate word for is here.

Filipino often leaves out the equivalent of is/are in simple descriptive sentences. So:

• Patay ang halaman = The plant is dead

The meaning of is is understood from the sentence structure.

You can also say:

• Patay ang halaman
• Ang halaman ay patay

Both mean the same thing, but the first one is very common and natural in everyday speech.

Ang is not exactly the same as English the.

In this sentence, ang marks halaman as the topic/focus of the sentence. In many cases, ang + noun can sound like the + noun in English, so ang halaman is often translated as the plant.

But it is better to think of ang as a marker, not just an article.

So here:

• ang halaman = the plant / the topic plant

In this sentence, patay functions like an adjective or descriptive predicate meaning dead.

So:

• Patay ang halaman = The plant is dead

It is describing the condition of the plant.

Halaman means plant.

It is a common noun used for plants in general. Depending on context, it could refer to:

• a houseplant
• a garden plant
• a plant in general

If you want the plural, you usually use mga:

• ang halaman = the plant
• ang mga halaman = the plants

Yes. Ang halaman ay patay is also correct.

Compare:

• Patay ang halaman
• Ang halaman ay patay

Both mean The plant is dead.

The difference is mostly about style and emphasis:

• Patay ang halaman is very common and natural
• Ang halaman ay patay can sound a bit more formal, careful, or emphatic

Good question. The difference is roughly:

• Patay ang halaman = The plant is dead
  
  • this describes the current state or condition
• Namatay ang halaman = The plant died
  
  • this describes the event of dying

So:

• patay = dead
• namatay = died

If you are describing what you see now, Patay ang halaman is appropriate.

Yes, it is natural.

Patay can be used for people, animals, and plants when you mean dead. So saying:

• Patay ang halaman

is perfectly normal for The plant is dead.

For plants, people also sometimes use other expressions depending on context, but patay is absolutely understandable and natural.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

• patay ≈ pah-TAHY
• ang ≈ ahng
• halaman ≈ hah-lah-MAHN

A rough full pronunciation: pah-TAHY ahng hah-lah-MAHN

The stress is important, especially in patay.

In many contexts, ang halaman will be translated as the plant, because ang marks a specific/topic noun.

But Filipino does not match English articles exactly. Depending on context, English may use:

• the plant
• sometimes just the plant in question
• occasionally something less definite in looser translation

Still, for most learners, the plant is the best way to understand ang halaman in this sentence.

To make it plural, use mga before the noun:

• Patay ang mga halaman = The plants are dead

Here:

• mga halaman = plants

Notice that patay does not change form. Filipino adjectives usually do not change for singular/plural.

Yes, and that is very common.

• Patay ang halaman = The plant is dead
• Patay na ang halaman = The plant is dead now / The plant is already dead

The word na often adds a sense of now, already, or a completed change of state, depending on context.

So Patay na ang halaman can sound especially natural if the plant has now reached that condition.